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Seenku is a Western Mande language of the Samogo group spoken in
southwestern Burkina Faso by approximately 17,000 speakers. It has
undergone a lot of phonological reduction, leading to a rich
segmental and tonal phoneme inventory but mainly mono- and
sesquisyllabic roots. The language has four contrastive levels of
tone that combine to create over a dozen contours. Tone has a high
functional load lexically and grammatically, permeating all aspects
of grammar. Most verbs have two stem forms: a realis form and an
irrealis form. The realis is derived from the irrealis by infixing
a high vowel before the stem vowel, creating a diphthong. The use
of a particular stem form is determined by aspect and construction
type, but most other morphosyntactic meanings (e.g. progressive
aspect or causative) are expressed analytically. Like most Mande
languages, Seenku has an S Aux O V X word order in addition to
areal clause-final negation. It displays a reduced set of
post-subject "predicate markers" compared to other Mande languages,
and those that are attested are variably realized only by tone
changes and lengthening on the subject itself.
Tommo So is a Dogon language with approximately 60,000 speakers in
Mali, West Africa. As only the second full grammatical description
of a Dogon language, this volume is a critical resource for solving
the mystery of Dogon's genetic affiliation with other languages in
Africa. Tommo So is an SOV language with isolating nominal
morphology and agglutinative verbal morphology; suffixes on the
verb mark tense/aspect/negation as well as subject agreement. The
phonology is sensitive to levels of verbal morphology in that
variable vowel harmony applies less frequently as one moves to
outer layers of the morphology. The tone system of Tommo So is of
typological interest in both its phonological and syntactic
instantiations. Phonologically, it is a two-tone system of H and L,
but these specified tones contrast with a surface-underspecified
tone. Grammatically, the lexical tone of a word is often
overwritten by syntactically-induced overlays. For example, an
inalienable noun's tone will be replaced with L if it is possessed
by a non-pronominal possessor, and by either H or HL if the
possessor is pronominal. The language has also innovated a series
of locative quasi-verbs and focus particles sensitive to pragmatic
factors like certainty.
Stimulating, engaging, and effective, the games and activites in
this book offer your students alternatives to learning by rote or
performing drills. This book makes it easy for you to develop their
linguistic functions through active learning. The specific skills
and vocabulary taught in each game or activity is highlighted, as
are the easy-to-follow instructions, helpful charts, worksheets and
other visuals.
Seenku is a Western Mande language of the Samogo group spoken in
southwestern Burkina Faso by approximately 17,000 speakers. It has
undergone a lot of phonological reduction, leading to a rich
segmental and tonal phoneme inventory but mainly mono- and
sesquisyllabic roots. The language has four contrastive levels of
tone that combine to create over a dozen contours. Tone has a high
functional load lexically and grammatically, permeating all aspects
of grammar. Most verbs have two stem forms: a realis form and an
irrealis form. The realis is derived from the irrealis by infixing
a high vowel before the stem vowel, creating a diphthong. The use
of a particular stem form is determined by aspect and construction
type, but most other morphosyntactic meanings (e.g. progressive
aspect or causative) are expressed analytically. Like most Mande
languages, Seenku has an S Aux O V X word order in addition to
areal clause-final negation. It displays a reduced set of
post-subject "predicate markers" compared to other Mande languages,
and those that are attested are variably realized only by tone
changes and lengthening on the subject itself.
Stimulating, engaging, and effective, the games and activites in
this book offer your students alternatives to learning by rote or
performing drills. This book makes it easy for you to develop their
linguistic functions through active learning. The specific skills
and vocabulary taught in each game or activity is highlighted, as
are the easy-to-follow instructions, helpful charts, worksheets and
other visuals.
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