In the past quarter century, "bad" mothers have moved noticeably toward center stage in American culture. While Susan Smith will eventually fade from the tabloids, the monster mother that she represents has a storied and long history. Mothers have been blamed for a host of problems, from autism in children (due to chilly "refrigerator" mothers), to homosexuality (attributed to "smothering" moms), to welfare dependency and crime (caused by black "matriarchs" and single mothers).

Some mothers are not good mothers. No one can deny that. There are women who neglect their children, abuse them, and fail to provide them with proper psychological nurturance. While such mothers have always stimulated the American imagination, the definition of what constitutes a bad mother has expanded significantly in recent years. Indeed, with a distinct minority of American families living the two-parent, one-worker lifestyle once considered the norm, we all face the discomfiting question, Do most mothers now qualify as "bad" mothers in one way or another?

Drawing together the work of prominent scholars and journalists, "Bad" Mothers considers such diverse topics as the mother-blaming theories of psychological and medical "experts," bad mothers in the popular media, the scapegoating of mothers in politics, and the punitive approach to "bad" mothers by social service and legal authorities. The volume also includes the stories of individual "bad" mothers, from sterilization survivor Willie Mallory to rock star Courtney Love. Ably edited by two leading scholars, "Bad" Mothers marks an important contribution to the literature on motherhood.

"A superb accomplishment that assembles lively, spirited writing about women, some well-known and others less so, who made a difference in the way we live our lives today."
--"The Journal of American History"

"For too long, cultural historians of the Sixties have marginalized women, and womenas historians of that period have privileged the political over the cultural. At last, Lauri Umansky and Avital Bloch have had the good sense to bring together womenas history and cultural history in order to advance a gendered understanding of the cultural revolution of the Sixties. Through the lives of women as varied as folksinger Joan Baez, poet Sonia Sanchez, and artist Judy Chicago, Impossible to Hold reveals the centrality of women to the culture of the Sixties, and the significance of the cultural to women."
--Alice Echols, Professor of English, USC, and author of "Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin"

"By emphasizing community, inclusivity, andthe political dimensions of cultural change, the women in this voulme forged and fostered an important set of alternatives to the dominant culture...As a result, these artists helped shift the mixed-gender 'mainstream' by shaping countercultural trends and visions. They may have been 'impossible' to restrain, but the contributions they made to American culture and life were lasting and concrete."
--"H-Net"

"Too often we think that the womenas movement burst onto the sixties scene late in the decade. Avital Bloch and Lauri Umansky have assembled a wonderful and varied set of essays to revise that notion. Here are women from throughout the era, staking their claims to central roles in American culture and, bytheir words and actions, demonstrating the centrality of thefemale experience to that culture. The array of subjects includes many names we have knownaJoan Baez, Billie Jean King, Diana Ross, Yoko Ono, Jane Fondaaas well as many we will know now, because of this important and compelling collection."
--Alexander Bloom, author of "Takina It to the Streets" and "Long Time Gone: Sixties America Then and Now"

"One of the strongest aspects of this book is that it ignores the usual female suspects in discussions of the sixties. It also focuses on women and the culture of the sixties instead of feminism during the sixties. Almost none of the women profiled in the text self-identified as feminists, yet their cultural contributions helped make a huge impact for women of future generations."
--" Altar Magazine"

"The 1960s continues to resonate as an era of great interest, and this collection of articles...provides an exceptional contribution to the existing literature....This is indeed a collection worthy of attention."
--"CHOICE"

With Jackie in a pill-box hat and Marilyn crooning to the president, the 1960s opened with women hovering at the fringes of the public imagination--and ended with a feminist movement that outpaced anything NASA could concoct. A compelling story, but did it really happen that way?

Unlike many accounts of the era, Impossible to Hold revels in the complexities of female identity and American culture. The collection's sixteen original essays move beyond conventional discussions of hippie chicks and Weatherwomen to examine the diverse lives of women who helped to shape religion, sports, literature, and music, among other aspects of the culturalhodgepodge known as the sixties.

From familiar names like Yoko Ono, Carole King, and Joan Baez to lesser-known figures like Anita Caspary and Barbara Deming, the women revealed in Impossible to Hold represent a variety of points on the celebrity and feminist spectrums. The book traces women who sought to break into "male" fields, women whose personae and work link the radical sixties to earlier cultural traditions, and those who consciously confronted power structures and demanded change. Separately and together, their cultural work informed the sixties and their biographies offer a lucid and complex picture of that proverbial "long decade."

In the past quarter century, "bad" mothers have moved noticeably toward center stage in American culture. While Susan Smith will eventually fade from the tabloids, the monster mother that she represents has a storied and long history. Mothers have been blamed for a host of problems, from autism in children (due to chilly "refrigerator" mothers), to homosexuality (attributed to "smothering" moms), to welfare dependency and crime (caused by black "matriarchs" and single mothers).

Some mothers are not good mothers. No one can deny that. There are women who neglect their children, abuse them, and fail to provide them with proper psychological nurturance. While such mothers have always stimulated the American imagination, the definition of what constitutes a bad mother has expanded significantly in recent years. Indeed, with a distinct minority of American families living the two-parent, one-worker lifestyle once considered the norm, we all face the discomfiting question, Do most mothers now qualify as "bad" mothers in one way or another?

Drawing together the work of prominent scholars and journalists, "Bad" Mothers considers such diverse topics as the mother-blaming theories of psychological and medical "experts," bad mothers in the popular media, the scapegoating of mothers in politics, and the punitive approach to "bad" mothers by social service and legal authorities. The volume also includes the stories of individual "bad" mothers, from sterilization survivor Willie Mallory to rock star Courtney Love. Ably edited by two leading scholars, "Bad" Mothers marks an important contribution to the literature on motherhood.

View the Table of Contents

Read the Introduction.

"Historians of medicine and technology will find this book an interesting introduction to a highly politicized and novel area of scholarship. This work should inspire research projects into more diverse and less categorized areas of disability."
--"Technology & Culture"

"With this work, Longmore and Umansky offer historians, sociologists and other readers intrigued by this area of scholarship an opportunity to understand disabilities as broader and more complex than a single, generic and primarily medical category."
--"Publishers Weekly"

"The essays introduce into the historical record a diverse group of people whose views and experiences have been largely excluded, challenge conventional notions of bodily integrity, and represent an important new subfield in American history from which we can expect rich and exciting innovation."
--"The Historian"

"The fifteen essays contained in it are thorough, wide-ranging and convincing in their interpretations. . . . This is a powerful contribution to the emancipatory efforts of disabled activists and one that historians should seek to encourage. For this, Longmore and Umansky's collection should be strongly commended."
--"Journal of American Studies"

"The New Disability History: American Perspectives is a truly groundbreaking volume and is well-deserving of the praise heaped on its back cover."
--"H-Net Reviews"

The essays show us that disability has a place in various parts of our history. While there is an enormous diversity of disability, the collection of essays reminds us of how comparable social perils recur across various disability groups andthroughout their particular histories."
--"Metapsychology"

Disability has always been a preoccupation of American society and culture. From antebellum debates about qualification for citizenship to current controversies over access and "reasonable accommodations," disability has been present, in penumbra if not in print, on virtually every page of American history. Yet historians have only recently begun the deep excavation necessary to retrieve lives shrouded in religious, then medical, and always deep-seated cultural, misunderstanding.

This volume opens up disability's hidden history. In these pages, a North Carolina Youth finds his identity as a deaf Southerner challenged in Civil War-era New York. Deaf community leaders ardently defend sign language in early 20th century America. The mythic Helen Keller and the long-forgotten American Blind People's higher Education and General Improvement Association each struggle to shape public and private roles for blind Americans. White and black disabled World War I and II veterans contest public policies and cultural values to claim their citizenship rights. Neurasthenic Alice James and injured turn-of-the-century railroadmen grapple with the interplay of disability and gender. Progressive-era "rehabilitationists" fashion programs to make "crippled" children economically productive and socially valid, and two Depression-era fathers murder their sons as public opinion blames the boys' mothers for having cherished the lads' lives. These and many other figures lead readers through hospital-schools, courtrooms, advocacy journals, and beyond to discover disability's past.

Coupling empirical evidence with the interdisciplinary toolsand insights of disability studies, the book explores the complex meanings of disability as identity and cultural signifier in American history.

Table of Contents

From the early days of second-wave feminism, motherhood and the quest for women's liberation have been inextricably linked. And yet motherhood has at times been viewed, by anti-feminists and select feminists alike, as somehow at odds with feminism. In reality, feminists have long treated motherhood as an organizing metaphor for women's needs and advancement. The mother has been regarded with suspicion at times, deified at others, but never ignored.

The first book devoted to this complex relationship, Motherhood Reconceived examines in depth how the realities of motherhood have influenced feminist thought. Bringing to life the work of a variety of feminist writers and theorists, among them Jane Alpert, Mary Daly, Susan Griffin, Adrienne Rich, and Dorothy Dinnerstein, Umansky situates feminist discourses of motherhood within the social and political contexts of the 1960s. Charting an increasingly favorable view of motherhood among feminists from the late 1960s through the 1980s, Umansky reveals how African American feminists sought to redefine black nationalist discourses of motherhood, a reworking subsequently adopted by white radical and socialist feminists seeking to broaden the racial base of their movement.

Noting the cultural left's conflicted relationship to feminism, that is, the concurrent demand for individual sexual liberation and the desire for community, Umansky traces that legacy through various stages of feminist concern about motherhood: early critiques of the nuclear family, tempered by strong support for day care; an endorsement of natural childbirth by the women's health movement of the early 1970s; white feminists' attempt to forge a multiracial movement by declaring motherhood a universal bond; and the emergence of psychoanalytic feminism, ecofeminism, spiritual feminism, and the feminist anti- pornography movement.

"A superb accomplishment that assembles lively, spirited writing about women, some well-known and others less so, who made a difference in the way we live our lives today."
--"The Journal of American History"

"For too long, cultural historians of the Sixties have marginalized women, and womenas historians of that period have privileged the political over the cultural. At last, Lauri Umansky and Avital Bloch have had the good sense to bring together womenas history and cultural history in order to advance a gendered understanding of the cultural revolution of the Sixties. Through the lives of women as varied as folksinger Joan Baez, poet Sonia Sanchez, and artist Judy Chicago, Impossible to Hold reveals the centrality of women to the culture of the Sixties, and the significance of the cultural to women."
--Alice Echols, Professor of English, USC, and author of "Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin"

"By emphasizing community, inclusivity, andthe political dimensions of cultural change, the women in this voulme forged and fostered an important set of alternatives to the dominant culture...As a result, these artists helped shift the mixed-gender 'mainstream' by shaping countercultural trends and visions. They may have been 'impossible' to restrain, but the contributions they made to American culture and life were lasting and concrete."
--"H-Net"

"Too often we think that the womenas movement burst onto the sixties scene late in the decade. Avital Bloch and Lauri Umansky have assembled a wonderful and varied set of essays to revise that notion. Here are women from throughout the era, staking their claims to central roles in American culture and, bytheir words and actions, demonstrating the centrality of thefemale experience to that culture. The array of subjects includes many names we have knownaJoan Baez, Billie Jean King, Diana Ross, Yoko Ono, Jane Fondaaas well as many we will know now, because of this important and compelling collection."
--Alexander Bloom, author of "Takina It to the Streets" and "Long Time Gone: Sixties America Then and Now"

"One of the strongest aspects of this book is that it ignores the usual female suspects in discussions of the sixties. It also focuses on women and the culture of the sixties instead of feminism during the sixties. Almost none of the women profiled in the text self-identified as feminists, yet their cultural contributions helped make a huge impact for women of future generations."
--" Altar Magazine"

"The 1960s continues to resonate as an era of great interest, and this collection of articles...provides an exceptional contribution to the existing literature....This is indeed a collection worthy of attention."
--"CHOICE"

With Jackie in a pill-box hat and Marilyn crooning to the president, the 1960s opened with women hovering at the fringes of the public imagination--and ended with a feminist movement that outpaced anything NASA could concoct. A compelling story, but did it really happen that way?

Unlike many accounts of the era, Impossible to Hold revels in the complexities of female identity and American culture. The collection's sixteen original essays move beyond conventional discussions of hippie chicks and Weatherwomen to examine the diverse lives of women who helped to shape religion, sports, literature, and music, among other aspects of the culturalhodgepodge known as the sixties.

From familiar names like Yoko Ono, Carole King, and Joan Baez to lesser-known figures like Anita Caspary and Barbara Deming, the women revealed in Impossible to Hold represent a variety of points on the celebrity and feminist spectrums. The book traces women who sought to break into "male" fields, women whose personae and work link the radical sixties to earlier cultural traditions, and those who consciously confronted power structures and demanded change. Separately and together, their cultural work informed the sixties and their biographies offer a lucid and complex picture of that proverbial "long decade."

View the Table of Contents

Read the Introduction.

"Historians of medicine and technology will find this book an interesting introduction to a highly politicized and novel area of scholarship. This work should inspire research projects into more diverse and less categorized areas of disability."
--"Technology & Culture"

"With this work, Longmore and Umansky offer historians, sociologists and other readers intrigued by this area of scholarship an opportunity to understand disabilities as broader and more complex than a single, generic and primarily medical category."
--"Publishers Weekly"

"The essays introduce into the historical record a diverse group of people whose views and experiences have been largely excluded, challenge conventional notions of bodily integrity, and represent an important new subfield in American history from which we can expect rich and exciting innovation."
--"The Historian"

"The fifteen essays contained in it are thorough, wide-ranging and convincing in their interpretations. . . . This is a powerful contribution to the emancipatory efforts of disabled activists and one that historians should seek to encourage. For this, Longmore and Umansky's collection should be strongly commended."
--"Journal of American Studies"

"The New Disability History: American Perspectives is a truly groundbreaking volume and is well-deserving of the praise heaped on its back cover."
--"H-Net Reviews"

The essays show us that disability has a place in various parts of our history. While there is an enormous diversity of disability, the collection of essays reminds us of how comparable social perils recur across various disability groups andthroughout their particular histories."
--"Metapsychology"

Disability has always been a preoccupation of American society and culture. From antebellum debates about qualification for citizenship to current controversies over access and "reasonable accommodations," disability has been present, in penumbra if not in print, on virtually every page of American history. Yet historians have only recently begun the deep excavation necessary to retrieve lives shrouded in religious, then medical, and always deep-seated cultural, misunderstanding.

This volume opens up disability's hidden history. In these pages, a North Carolina Youth finds his identity as a deaf Southerner challenged in Civil War-era New York. Deaf community leaders ardently defend sign language in early 20th century America. The mythic Helen Keller and the long-forgotten American Blind People's higher Education and General Improvement Association each struggle to shape public and private roles for blind Americans. White and black disabled World War I and II veterans contest public policies and cultural values to claim their citizenship rights. Neurasthenic Alice James and injured turn-of-the-century railroadmen grapple with the interplay of disability and gender. Progressive-era "rehabilitationists" fashion programs to make "crippled" children economically productive and socially valid, and two Depression-era fathers murder their sons as public opinion blames the boys' mothers for having cherished the lads' lives. These and many other figures lead readers through hospital-schools, courtrooms, advocacy journals, and beyond to discover disability's past.

Coupling empirical evidence with the interdisciplinary toolsand insights of disability studies, the book explores the complex meanings of disability as identity and cultural signifier in American history.

Table of Contents