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The Roman villa at Great Witcombe, Gloucestershire was discovered in 1818, and has subsequently been excavated several times, most recently by Ernest Greenfield (1960-73) whose work forms the basis of this book. By the later 3rd and 4th centuries, the villa had developed into a sumptuous country house of a courtyard plan, which included several mosaic pavements, two suites of baths and a prominent colonnaded central gallery and portico. It is suggested here that the villa belonged to the descendants of a veteran, settled on an estate established here at the foundation of the colonia at Gloucester. This study is the first gendered study of the prehistoric rock art of Naquane National Park in Valcamonica, northern Italy. Its purpose is to identify and describe gendered representations and imagery in the rock art of Naquane, in order to reconstruct potential gender roles, gender relations and ritual activities during the Bronze and Iron Age periods. The social role of art in non-western cultures is explored, as well as recent work on gender studies in archaeology and rock art, with a view towards placing the prehistoric rock art of Naquane within a social and cultural context. Gender-specific access to and usage of the rock art sites during successive phases of prehistory is considered and analysis is presented of the possible rituals being portrayed in the rock art and their potential social implications. Discussion also focuses on the social and ritual construction of femininity and masculinity during different chronological periods, as well as upon possible gendered motifs and sexual imagery in the rock art. The study concludes with a discussion of the incidence of over-carving and the incorporation of earlier images into later rock art panels, considering potential reasons why certain earlier carvings were actively curated among the predominantly male-orientated Iron Age rock art.
A session held at the TAG conference in Cardiff in 1999 sought to steer Mesolithic debates away from traditional lithic approaches and instead considered social aspects of Mesolithic life. The seventeen papers given here, many of which are from that conference, discuss a wide range of subjects: the people behind the lithics', interaction with the landscape, with animals, food and subsistence, body ornament and burial practices, settlement, violence and death, revisiting Star Carr. Contributors are: Marek Zvelebil, Peter Jordan, Lynne Bevan, Biddy Simpson, Jenny Moore, Malcolm Lillie, Richard Chatterton, C Richards, R J Schulting, Christophe Cupillard, George Nash, I J N Thorpe, Rebekah Judeh .
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