This book provides the reader with a solid understanding of the fundamental modeling of photovoltaic devices. After the material independent limit of photovoltaic conversion, the readers are introduced to the most well-known theory of "classical" silicon modeling. Based on this, for each of the most important PV materials, their performance under different conditions is modeled. This book also covers different modeling approaches, from very fundamental theoretic investigations to applied numeric simulations based on experimental values. The book concludes wth a chapter on the influence of spectral variations. The information is supported by providing the names of simulation software and basic literature to the field. The information in the book gives the user specific application with a solid background in hand, to judge which materials could be appropriate as well as realistic expectations of the performance the devices could achieve.

In the last 10 years, total prosthetic replacement has become the hip oper ation for many but not all surgeons. In our clinic the increasing frequency of TP has been paralleled by a reduction in the frequency of 10 and HA. For the experienced orthopaedic surgeon and hip surgeon, hip disease has so many facets that it could not possibly be tackled with one operation alone. Thus, HA seems recently to have won renewed recognition. It has once more become the procedure of choice in specific cases, possibly because of certain disadvantages and complications associated with TP which have somewhat tempered the original optimism. Currently, the risk of infection or loosening of the pros thesis is such that the operation cannot justifiably be recommended for patients under 55-60 years of age. In contrast with HA, in the majority of cases the results of TP or 10 are not fully predictable. The loss of joint motion is offset by two important advantages: -complete freedom from pain - full weight bearing is possible on the arthrodesed hip. On following up our HA operations from 1961 to 1971, we examined the development of the operative procedures in our clinic. We found that the range of indications had narrowed as stricter criteria were applied in choosing patients for operation. Adequate and precise operative tech niques were developed. We studied the biomechanics of the hip joint exten sively (effect of arthrodesis on the statics and dynamics of the hip joint and neighbouring joints).

This is the first and most comprehensive guide on the modeling, engineering and reliable design of indoor photovoltaics which currently is the most promising and energy efficient power supply for edge nodes for the Internet of Things and other indoor devices. Indoor photovoltaics (IPV) has grown in importance over recent years. This can in part be attributed to the creation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) along with the vast amounts of data being processed in the field, which has been a massive accelerator for this development. Moreover, since energy conservation is being imposed as the national strategy of many countries and is being set as a top priority throughout the world, understanding and promoting IPV as the most promising indoor energy harvesting source is considered by many to be essential these days. The book provides the engineer and researcher with guidelines, and presents a comprehensive overview of theoretical models, efficiencies, and application design. This unique and groundbreaking book has chapters by leading researchers on: Introduction to micro energy harvesting Introduction to indoor photovoltaics Modeling indoor irradiance Characterization and power measurement of IPV cells Luminescent solar concentrators Organic photovoltaic cells and modules for applications under indoor lighting conditions High-efficiency indoor photovoltaic energy harvesting Indoor photovoltaics based on ALGAAs alloys