Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The recent decision to end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) has had a major impact on many who have been geographically uprooted to places they have never lived or known. Established in 2012, DACA allows eligible immigrant youth (Dreamers) to apply for protection for deportation and work permits in two-year increments. On September 5, 2017 the Trump administration announced that it would tersely end the program. While several organizations have taken charge by advocating and representing Dreamers, there are still many students in school districts who have not been represented or advocated for because of their limited language skills. On January 22, 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court declined, for now, to take up the Trump administration's request to review the lawsuit challenging the administration's decision to end Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. These students, although here legally, have not been able to been able to attain these skills simply because our schools do not have the adequate resources and personnel to attend to them (Cherng et al., 2017). This book exposes the experiences of 15 Educational Leadership candidates focused on improving their bilingual/ multilingual school communities via conceptual ideas and policies learned as students and synthesizing these ideas into practice as future administrators. As such, the chapters presented in this project will be focused on the development of innovative methods to meet the needs of these communities. Guided by social justice leadership, this project exposes the empirical practices of these teacher leaders in their respective New York City communities. Immigration can be an on-going challenge for educational leaders, counselors, school personnel, community members, and those who are engaged in meeting the needs of this population. Teachers and leaders in new immigrant destinations - places that are seeing rapidly increasing numbers of immigrants - often find themselves dealing with a host of unexpected issues: immigrant students' unique socio-emotional needs, community conflict, a wider range of skills in English, lack of a common language for communication with parents, and more (Tamer, 2014). Still, there is a high need of research providing leadership guidance addressing immigration policies and resources inside and outside schools.

Charisma is more than glitz and celebrity. It is the result of a comprehensive zeitgeist that galvanizes power and influence-and it has been a part of our history since time immortal.

Written by Dr. Gary M. Gray, theologian, presidential historian, and organizational consultant, Charisma reveals how environment and circumstance give birth to charisma. Gray seeks to identify the key elements in the dynamic of charismatic leadership based on "truth" and backed by believing disciples as they march to advance a great cause against a real or perceived enemy. Examples of this are historically found in religious, political, social, educational, medical, and military settings.

Gray focuses on the rare combination of dynamics necessary for a person believing in a great "truth" to mobilize that truth into a significant movement that confronts an "evil." Culling the archives of history from Jesus Christ to Adolph Hitler, Gray shows how the potential charismatic must speak of great truths, recruit devoted followers, and battle enemies to right the evils of society, or descend into oblivion. Long-term, the movement must find a successor to the cause and institutionalize. Ultimately, Gray reveals that charisma is the single most important dynamic in significant world change, both now and throughout history.

Well-researched and meticulously organized, Charisma is a unique and in-depth look at one of the most important, yet often overlooked, dynamics of history.

In December 1974 the first realtime conversation on the ARPAnet took place between Culler-Harrison Incorporated in Goleta, California, and MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. This was the first successful application of realtime digital speech communication over a packet network and an early milestone in the explosion of realtime signal processing of speech, audio, images, and video that we all take for granted today. It could be considered as the first voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), except that the Internet Protocol (IP) had not yet been established. In fact, the interest in realtime signal processing had an indirect, but major, impact on the development of IP. This is the story of the development of linear predictive coded (LPC) speech and how it came to be used in the first successful packet speech experiments. Several related stories are recounted as well. The history is preceded by a tutorial on linear prediction methods which incorporates a variety of views to provide context for the stories. This part is a technical survey of the fundamental ideas of linear prediction that are important for speech processing, but the development departs from traditional treatments and takes advantage of several shortcuts, simplifications, and unifications that come with years of hindsight. In particular, some of the key results are proved using short and simple techniques that are not as well known as they should be, and it also addresses some of the common assumptions made when modeling random signals. Linear Predictive Coding and the Internet Protocol is an insightful and comprehensive review of an underpinning technology of the internet and other packet switched networks. It will be enjoyed by everyone with an interest in past and present real time signal processing on the internet.

Grief and loss are fundamental aspects of the human experience. This book explores the desire to make sense out of the nonsensical by exploring specific loss and grief experiences. The autoethnographic essays reflect on the unique and individual experiences of each contributor’s story. Simultaneously, these experiences reveal that although their grief experience is unique, it is also cultural and collective, evoking broader cultural themes related to loss and grief. The chapters in this book represent a wide range of loss experiences ranging from the loss of a parent, child, or partner, loss within larger family systems, ambiguous and anticipatory loss to broader cultural aspects of grief. Scholars of communication, sociology, and family studies will find this book of particular interest.

Probability, Random Processes, and Ergodic Properties is for mathematically inclined information/communication theorists and people working in signal processing. It will also interest those working with random or stochastic processes, including mathematicians, statisticians, and economists.

Highlights:

Complete tour of book and guidelines for use given in Introduction, so readers can see at a glance the topics of interest.

Structures mathematics for an engineering audience, with emphasis on engineering applications.

New in the Second Edition:

Much of the material has been rearranged and revised for pedagogical reasons.

The original first chapter has been split in order to allow a more thorough treatment of basic probability before tackling random processes and dynamical systems.

The final chapter has been broken into two pieces to provide separate emphasis on process metrics and the ergodic decomposition of affine functionals.

Many classic inequalities are now incorporated into the text, along with proofs; and many citations have been added.

This book is an updated version of the information theory classic, first published in 1990. About one-third of the book is devoted to Shannon source and channel coding theorems; the remainder addresses sources, channels, and codes and on information and distortion measures and their properties.

New in this edition: Expanded treatment of stationary or sliding-block codes and their relations to traditional block codesExpanded discussion of results from ergodic theory relevant to information theoryExpanded treatment of B-processes -- processes formed by stationary coding memoryless sourcesNew material on trading off information and distortion, including the Marton inequalityNew material on the properties of optimal and asymptotically optimal source codesNew material on the relationships of source coding and rate-constrained simulation or modeling of random processes

Significant material not covered in other information theory texts includes stationary/sliding-block codes, a geometric view of information theory provided by process distance measures, and general Shannon coding theorems for asymptotic mean stationary sources, which may be neither ergodic nor stationary, and d-bar continuous channels.

Holocaust education is a controversial and rapidly evolving field. This book, which critically analyses the very latest research, discusses a number of the most important debates which are emerging within it. Adopting a truly global perspective, it explores both teachers' and students' levels of Holocaust knowledge as well as their attitudes and approaches towards the subject.

Stochastic Image Processing provides the first thorough treatment of Markov and hidden Markov random fields and their application to image processing. Although promoted as a promising approach for over thirty years, it has only been in the past few years that the theory and algorithms have developed to the point of providing useful solutions to old and new problems in image processing. Markov random fields are a multidimensional extension of Markov chains, but the generalization is complicated by the lack of a natural ordering of pixels in multidimensional spaces. Hidden Markov fields are a natural generalization of the hidden Markov models that have proved essential to the development of modern speech recognition, but again the multidimensional nature of the signals makes them inherently more complicated to handle. This added complexity contributed to the long time required for the development of successful methods and applications. This book collects together a variety of successful approaches to a complete and useful characterization of multidimensional Markov and hidden Markov models along with applications to image analysis. The book provides a survey and comparative development of an exciting and rapidly evolving field of multidimensional Markov and hidden Markov random fields with extensive references to the literature.

The Fourier transform is one of the most important mathematical tools in a wide variety of science and engineering fields. Its application - as Fourier analysis or harmonic analysis - provides useful decompositions of signals into fundamental (primitive') components, giving shortcuts in the computation of complicated sums and integrals, and often revealing hidden structure in the data. Fourier Transforms: An Introduction for Engineers develops the basic definitions, properties and applications of Fourier analysis, the emphasis being on techniques for its application to linear systems, although other applications are also considered. The book will serve as both a reference text and a teaching text for a one-quarter or one-semester course covering the application of Fourier analysis to a wide variety of signals, including discrete time (or parameter), continuous time (or parameter), finite duration, and infinite duration. It highlights the common aspects in all cases considered, thereby building an intuition from simple examples that will be useful in the more complicated examples where careful proofs are not included. Fourier Analysis: An Introduction for Engineers is written by two scholars who are recognized throughout the world as leaders in this area, and provides a fresh look at one of the most important mathematical and directly applicable concepts in nearly all fields of science and engineering. Audience: Engineers, especially electrical engineers. The careful treatment of the fundamental mathematical ideas makes the book suitable in all areas where Fourier analysis finds applications.

Herb Caen, a popular columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle, recently quoted a Voice of America press release as saying that it was reorganizing in order to "eliminate duplication and redundancy. " This quote both states a goal of data compression and illustrates its common need: the removal of duplication (or redundancy) can provide a more efficient representation of data and the quoted phrase is itself a candidate for such surgery. Not only can the number of words in the quote be reduced without losing informa tion, but the statement would actually be enhanced by such compression since it will no longer exemplify the wrong that the policy is supposed to correct. Here compression can streamline the phrase and minimize the em barassment while improving the English style. Compression in general is intended to provide efficient representations of data while preserving the essential information contained in the data. This book is devoted to the theory and practice of signal compression, i. e., data compression applied to signals such as speech, audio, images, and video signals (excluding other data types such as financial data or general purpose computer data). The emphasis is on the conversion of analog waveforms into efficient digital representations and on the compression of digital information into the fewest possible bits. Both operations should yield the highest possible reconstruction fidelity subject to constraints on the bit rate and implementation complexity."