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First published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
For many years, the dominant fault model in automatic test pattern
gen eration (ATPG) for digital integrated circuits has been the
stuck-at fault model. The static nature of stuck-at fault testing
when compared to the extremely dynamic nature of integrated circuit
(IC) technology has caused many to question whether or not stuck-at
fault based testing is still viable. Attempts at answering this
question have not been wholly satisfying due to a lack of true
quantification, statistical significance, and/or high computational
expense. In this monograph we introduce a methodology to address
the ques tion in a manner which circumvents the drawbacks of
previous approaches. The method is based on symbolic Boolean
functional analyses using Or dered Binary Decision Diagrams
(OBDDs). OBDDs have been conjectured to be an attractive
representation form for Boolean functions, although cases ex ist
for which their complexity is guaranteed to grow exponentially with
input cardinality. Classes of Boolean functions which exploit the
efficiencies inherent in OBDDs to a very great extent are examined
in Chapter 7. Exact equa tions giving their OBDD sizes are derived,
whereas until very recently only size bounds have been available.
These size equations suggest that straight forward applications of
OBDDs to design and test related problems may not prove as fruitful
as was once thought."
The material in this book reflects, in many respects, the
culmination of several years of research regarding the measurement
of monetary policy. On all the issues addressed in the text, I have
thus attempted to provide a perspective of the type that can only
be gained from "living with" a topic over an extended time horizon.
I have often said that I came to understand the monetary indicators
literature only after having written dozens of papers on the
subject. This statement may seem a bit trite, but I feel certain
that anyone who has waded through this morass (or at least tried
to) can fully empathize and recognize the grain of truth therein.
It is my sincere hope that the synthesis given in the work will
calm the fears and anxieties that often (and understandably) plague
beginners in this field. In settling down to the process of
"pulling together" this manuscript, I was surprised to find the
ease and consistency with which various topics, explored at widely
diverse times and in no particular order, meshed into a unified
whole. I attempted to write the book in a manner that would
simultaneously be generally comprehensible to students
(particularly at the graduate level) and to practitioners desiring
a relatively thorough overview of the indicators literature and yet
be of value to scholars desiring to explore (and hopefully advance)
this field.
Presents nanobiotechnology in drug delivery and disease management
Featuring contributions from noted experts in the field, this book
highlights recent advances in the nano-based drug delivery systems.
It also covers the diagnosis and role of various nanomaterials in
the management of infectious diseases and non-infectious disorders,
such as cancers and other malignancies and their role in future
medicine. Nanobiotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and
Treatment starts by introducing how nanotechnology has
revolutionized drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatments of
diseases. It then focuses on the role of various nanocomposites in
diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment of diseases like cancer,
Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and many others. Next, it discusses
the application of a variety of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and
management of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The book explains
the concept of nanotheranostics in detail and its role in effective
monitoring of drug response, targeted drug delivery, enhanced drug
accumulation in the target tissues, sustained as well as triggered
release of drugs, and reduction in adverse effects. Other chapters
cover aptamer-incorporated nanoparticle systems; magnetic
nanoparticles; theranostics and vaccines; toxicological concerns of
nanomaterials used in nanomedicine; and more. Provides a concise
overview of state-of-the-art nanomaterials and their application
like drug delivery in infectious diseases and non-infectious
disorders Highlights recent advances in the nano-based drug
delivery systems and role of various nanomaterials Introduces
nano-based sensors which detect various pathogens Covers the use of
nanodevices in diagnostics and theranostics Nanobiotechnology in
Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment is an ideal book for
researchers and scientists working in various disciplines such as
microbiology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical
biotechnology, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and nanomedicine.
This volume brings together important work at the intersection of
politics and performance studies. While the languages of theatre
and performance have long been deployed by other disciplines, these
are seldom deployed seriously and pursued systematically to
discover the actual nature of the relationship between performance
as a set of behavioural practices and the forms and the
transactions of these other disciplines. This book investigates the
structural similarities and features of politics and performance,
which are referred to here as 'grammar', a concept which also
emphasizes the common communicational base or language of these
fields. In each of the chapters included in this collection, key
processes of both politics and performance are identified and
analyzed, demonstrating the critical and indivisible links between
the fields. The book also underlines that neither politics nor
performance can take place without actors who perform and
spectators who receive, evaluate and react to these actions. At the
heart of the project is the ambition to bring about a paradigm
change, such that politics cannot be analyzed seriously without a
sophisticated understanding of its performance. All the chapters
here display a concrete set of events, practices, and contexts
within which politics and performance are inseparable elements.
This work will be of great interest to students and scholars in
both International Relations and Performance Studies.
Ceremony and Ritual in Parliament breaks new ground in the study of
legislatures. It combines mainstream historical and social science
approaches with cultural theory to consider how parliamentary
ritual is constructed through ceremony, space and socialisation.
The focus is on the marginalised groups especially women and
members of ethnic minorities who seek inclusion as representatives
in democratic legislatures. This book assesses aspects of the role
that ceremony and ritual in legislatures play, especially but not
exclusively, in their gendered and racialised dimensions. Within
this broad frame, it considers the impact of space, identity,
ritual and/or ceremony on the institutional form of parliament, how
power is shaped within it, how the behaviour of members is
facilitated, constrained and shaped, how power and rituals interact
to and how they impinge upon the relationships between
representative institutions and citizens. Contributions are
theoretical and empirical, comparative or single-country studies of
national or sub-national legislatures. They have interdisciplinary,
historical, or postcolonial perspectives that contribute to this
emerging field in the study of parliaments. This book was
previously published as a special issue of the Journal of
Legislative Studies.
Engaging, authoritative, and affordably priced, The Bedford
Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms is a comprehensive
reference that clearly and accessibly defines hundreds of important
literary and critical terms from classical times to the present,
making them real and relevant to twenty-first century students
through examples drawn from contemporary literary and popular
culture.
The first volume to comprehensively address aversively motivated
events and behavior in almost 20 years, Fear, Avoidance and Phobias
presents updated and expanded research in this complex and
important area. Nearly every aspect of research on fear and its
removal is covered to some extent in this text including: learned
helplessness, phobias, self-punitive behavior, conditioned
analgesia, taste aversions, math models, fear systems in the brain,
two-factor theory of avoidance, relaxation/relief, memory for
aversive events, and conditioned inhibition of fear and its
extinction.
First published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
For many years, the dominant fault model in automatic test pattern
gen eration (ATPG) for digital integrated circuits has been the
stuck-at fault model. The static nature of stuck-at fault testing
when compared to the extremely dynamic nature of integrated circuit
(IC) technology has caused many to question whether or not stuck-at
fault based testing is still viable. Attempts at answering this
question have not been wholly satisfying due to a lack of true
quantification, statistical significance, and/or high computational
expense. In this monograph we introduce a methodology to address
the ques tion in a manner which circumvents the drawbacks of
previous approaches. The method is based on symbolic Boolean
functional analyses using Or dered Binary Decision Diagrams
(OBDDs). OBDDs have been conjectured to be an attractive
representation form for Boolean functions, although cases ex ist
for which their complexity is guaranteed to grow exponentially with
input cardinality. Classes of Boolean functions which exploit the
efficiencies inherent in OBDDs to a very great extent are examined
in Chapter 7. Exact equa tions giving their OBDD sizes are derived,
whereas until very recently only size bounds have been available.
These size equations suggest that straight forward applications of
OBDDs to design and test related problems may not prove as fruitful
as was once thought."
This book is the first volume of the International Series in
Economic Model ing, a series designed to summarize current issues
and procedures in applied modeling within various fields of
economics and to offer new or alternative approaches to prevailing
problems. In selecting the subject area for the first volume, we
were attracted by the area to which applied modeling efforts are
increasingly being drawn, regional economics and its associated
subfields. Applied modeling is a broad rubric even when the focus
is restricted to econometric modeling issues. Regional econometric
modeling has posted a record of rapid growth during the last two
decades and has become an established field of research and
application. Econometric models of states and large urban areas
have become commonplace, but the existence of such models does not
signal an end to further development of regional econ ometric
methods and models. Many issues such as structural specification,
level of geographic detail, data constraints, forecasting
integrity, and syn thesis with other regional modeling techniques
will continue to be sources of concern and will prompt further
research efforts. The chapters of this volume reflect many of these
issues. A brief synopsis of each contribution is provided below:
Richard Weber offers an overview of regional econometric models by
discussing theoretical specification, nature of variables, and
ultimate useful ness of such models. For an illustration, Weber
describes the specification of the econometric model of New
Jersey."
The material in this book reflects, in many respects, the
culmination of several years of research regarding the measurement
of monetary policy. On all the issues addressed in the text, I have
thus attempted to provide a perspective of the type that can only
be gained from "living with" a topic over an extended time horizon.
I have often said that I came to understand the monetary indicators
literature only after having written dozens of papers on the
subject. This statement may seem a bit trite, but I feel certain
that anyone who has waded through this morass (or at least tried
to) can fully empathize and recognize the grain of truth therein.
It is my sincere hope that the synthesis given in the work will
calm the fears and anxieties that often (and understandably) plague
beginners in this field. In settling down to the process of
"pulling together" this manuscript, I was surprised to find the
ease and consistency with which various topics, explored at widely
diverse times and in no particular order, meshed into a unified
whole. I attempted to write the book in a manner that would
simultaneously be generally comprehensible to students
(particularly at the graduate level) and to practitioners desiring
a relatively thorough overview of the indicators literature and yet
be of value to scholars desiring to explore (and hopefully advance)
this field.
Rethinking Empowerment looks at the changing role of women in developing countries and calls for a new approach to empowerment. An approach that adopts a more nuanced, feminist interpretation of power and em(power)ment, recognises that local empowerment is always embedded in regional, national and global contexts, pays attention to institutional structures and politics and acknowledges that empowerment is both a process and an outcome. Moreover, the book warns that an obsession with measurement rather than process can undermine efforts to foster transformative and empowering outcomes. It concludes that power must be restored as the centrepiece of empowerment. Only then will the term and its advocates provide meaningful ammunition for dealing with the challenges of an increasingly unequal, and often sexist, global/local world. eBook available with sample pages: 0203220072
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE Discover thorough insights into the
toxicology of nanomaterials used in medicine In Nanotechnology in
Medicine: Toxicity and Safety, an expert team of nanotechnologists
delivers a robust and up-to-date review of current and future
applications of nanotechnology in medicine with a special focus on
neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diagnostics,
nano-nutraceuticals, dermatology, and gene therapy. The editors
offer resources that address nanomaterial safety, which tends to be
the greatest hurdle to obtaining the benefits of nanomedicine in
healthcare. The book is a one-stop resource for recent and
comprehensive information on the toxico logical and safety aspects
of nanotechnology used in human health and medicine. It provides
readers with cutting-edge techniques for delivering therapeutic
agents into targeted cellular compartments, cells, tissues, and
organs by using nanoparticulate carriers. The book also offers
methodological considerations for toxicity, safety, and risk
assessment. Nanotechnology in Medicine: Toxicity and Safety also
provides readers with: A thorough introduction to the
nanotoxicological aspects of nanomedicine, including translational
nanomedicine and nanomedicine personalization Comprehensive
introductions to nanoparticle toxicity and safety, including
selenium nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles Practical
discussions of nanotoxicology and drug delivery, including gene
delivery using nanocarriers and the use of nanomaterials for ocular
delivery applications In-depth examinations of nanotechnology
ethics and the regulatory framework of nanotechnology and medicine
Perfect for researchers, post-doctoral candidates, and specialists
in the fields of nanotechnology, nanomaterials, and nanocarriers,
Nanotechnology in Medicine: Toxicity and Safety will also prove to
be an indispensable part of the libraries of nanoengineering,
nanomedicine, and biopharmaceutical professionals and
nanobiotechnologists.
This volume brings together important work at the interstection of
politics and performance studies. While the languages of theatre
and performance have long been deployed by other disciplines such
as psychology (Freud's primal 'scene'), sociology (Goffman's
'backstage'), and politics (politicians 'play' to the public, stage
debates), this metaphorical attribution has seldom been taken
seriously and pursued systematically to discover the actual nature
of the relationship between performance as a set of behavioural
practices and the forms and the transactions of these other realms.
Rather than take these for granted, this book investigates the
relationship between politics and performance to discover
structural similarities we are calling 'grammar'. Designed to mean
that certain features of political transactions shared by
performances are fundamental to both disciplines, the concept of
grammar also emphasizes the common communicational base or language
of these fields. Neither politics nor performance can take place
without actors who perform and spectators who receive, evaluate and
react to these actions.In each of the essays included in this
collection, key processes of both politics and performance are
identified and analyzed, demonstrating the critical and indivisible
links between the fields. At the heart of the project is the
ambition to bring about a paradigm change, such that politics
cannot be analyzed seriously without a sophisticated understanding
of its performance. These essays were chosen for the volume because
they display a concrete set of events, practices, and contexts
within which politics and performance are inseparable elements.
This work will be of great interest to students and scholars in
both International Relations and Performance Studies.
Martial arts have appeared in American movies since the days of Mr.
Moto and Charlie Chan, but English-language martial arts films as a
genre did not develop until the 1970s, with the breakthrough
success of Bruce Lee's Enter the Dragon. They've since proliferated
enormously, encompassing every level of filmmaking quality,
employing every martial arts system known, and spawning a cadre of
action superstars known for their ability to kick butt more than
for their talent as actors. Low budgets, straight-to-video
releases, and a lack of critical respect have not lessened their
influence, and they remain hugely popular and continue to inform
the work of the leading lights of American cinema, from Coppola to
Stone to Tarantino. This history of American martial arts films,
from major features to direct-to-video releases, examines
English-language martial arts films in terms of both their
historical development and their critical relevance. The first
section describes the most common martial arts techniques, the
history of martial arts in America, and gives a global overview of
the history of martial arts films. Heavily illustrated chapters
discuss early trend-setting movies, the first appearances of
martial arts in American movies; the influence of Chinese kung fu
film imports; martial arts on television and the films'
proliferation; the explosive growth of the genre in the 80s; and
recent releases, trends, and the direction of English-language
martial arts movies. There is a selected filmography of 300 movies.
Breaking new ground in scholarship on gender and politics,
Performing Representation is the first comprehensive analysis of
women in the Indian parliament. It explores the possibilities and
limits of parliamentary democracy and the participation of women in
its institutional performances. Offering a new, multi-method
analysis of the gendered nature of India's parliament through an
examination of electoral data, media reports and life stories of
women Members of Parliament it sheds light on the performance,
aesthetics, and norms of parliamentary life. It explores how the
gendered axis of power underpins the performance of parliament and
its Members as well as the political economy in which they are
embedded. The book makes a strong case for taking parliamentary
politics seriously in these times of populism, without either a
utopian framing of women MPs as challengers of masculinised
institutional politics or seeing them simply as docile actors in a
gendered institution. Performing Representation raises critical
questions about the politics of difference, claim-making,
representation and intersectionality. It addresses these questions
as part of global feminist debates on the importance of the women's
representation in political institutions.
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