This book is conceived as a broad comparative study of ten countries whose political structure and dominant ideology justify the application of the label "Marxist State". However, while these countries are ruled by parties strongly influenced by Marxist ideology and vision, their acceptance of and adherence to the Soviet model of Communism is seen to vary considerably, as do their links to the Soviet Union. The levels of centralization and nationalization are also highly varied.;It treats the countries as units of analysis, whereby they are classified to test certain hypothesized relationships. It aims to stimulate a broader theoretical orientation in research and propose hypotheses for future research.; For the purpose of the study four types of second economy activities will be analyzed - first, the legal second economy inside the first economy (for example, legal semi-private contracts, enterprises and subsidiary shops with the state-owned firms); second, the illegal second economy inside the first economy (for example, illegal private production within state enterprises); third, the legal second economy parallel to the first economy (for example, licensed private economy, "barte