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This important monograph summarizes a comprehensive study on the
maturation of walking in normal children. Research, undertaken at
one of the world's leading gait analysis centers, involved over 400
studies on a total of nearly 300 children in ten age-groups from
one to seven years. Data are presented on anthropometric
measurements; tests of developmental progress; time/distance
parameters such as stride length and walking velocity; twelve joint
angles on each side measured throughout the gait cycle; dynamic
electromyography of phasic activity in seven lower-extremity muscle
groups; and force measurements including vertical force, fore/aft
shear, medial/lateral shear and torque. At each age, composite
joint-angle graphs and time/distance parameters are brought
together with film tracings of a representative child in that age
group. In addition, advanced methods of statistical analysis have
been applied to the joint-angle data to define prediction regions
within which ninety-five percent of normal children should lie
throughout the gait cycle. Finally, a 'decision tree' is presented
from which a fitted age can be inferred for a subject based on
non-age-specific data gathered in a motion analysis lab. Practical
applications are demonstrated in a chapter devoted to two case
studies.
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