Taiwan and Poland are similarly plagued in the '90s with the inroads of massive commercialism amidst diminishing cultural resources. And along with newly gained autonomy and cultural awakening, national identity has become a pressing issue. A conference co-sponsored by National Science Council, Taiwan, and Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Oct. 15-17, 2000. The contributions address the issues of localization and/or globalization in the age of transitions in Taiwan, Poland and its neighboring countries (Czech, Lithuania and Latvia). In terms of cultural dilemmas and transitions, globalization, religion, and arts and literature, Taiwan and Eastern Europe clearly have something significant in common.