All legal systems provide for a form of action for non-contractual liability. This is the first book to present an in-depth discussion of the right of individuals to receive damages in European law. Analyzing relevant ECJ cases, the authors detail the substantive and procedural criteria that need to be satisfied in order for an individual to succeed in a claim for damages against Community institutions under Article 288 EC or against a defaulting Member State under the court-created Francovich principle. The book investigates the following factors and more: A* the court-developed principles of direct effect, supremacy, and indirect effect; A* State liability as an 'inherent principle' of European law; A* conditions of State liability; A* cases where liability is 'automatically established'; A* extent of reparation; A* who may bring a claim under Article 288(2); A* against whom an action may be brought; and A* distinction between administrative and legislative acts. A* convergence between State and Community actions in damages. The Right to Damages in European Law will be welcomed not only for its committed entry into an important area of European law that has not heretofore been treated in appreciable depth, but also for its clear and detailed analysis of the key issues facing students and practitioners when confronted with an issue concerning either State or Community liability.

This book is intended to serve as a first acquaintance with competition law. It aims to reach a broad range of readers: students, teachers in further and higher education, officials and practising lawyers who are not usually faced with competition law issues in their working lives. This second edition has been fully updated in the light of the latest developments, and covers both EU and UK competition law along with an introduction to the EU rules on State Aid. It provides insight into the combined system of EU and UK competition law, providing a broad range of examples for the three main subjects - the prohibition of cartels, the prohibition of the abuse of a position of dominance and the supervision of concentrations (ie mergers and acquisitions). Those examples are drawn from European and UK practice. These greatly enhance the exposition of the general principles, taking into account recent legislative and judicial developments.