This study is an outgrowth of an interest in the question of access to the sea developed by the author during a ten-month sojourn during 1962 and 1963 as American Vice Consul in Antofagasta, Chile. During this period he had the opportunity to visit Peru three times and Bolivia twice. This experience, supplemented by research in many libraries in New York, Washington and California and by interviews, documents and other reference materials, resulted in a detailed study of Bolivia's campaign for an outlet to the sea. 1 The present study has drawn some material from the earlier one, but is such an elaborate expansion of it that it might well be considered a wholly new effort. The effort was made because the problem of access to the sea has become more critical since the Second World War as the emphasis on trade and economic development has grown while at the same time many new land-locked states were being born. There have, moreover, been more threatened and actual interferences with free transit during this period than during the preceding half century and more. A thorough examination of the subject seemed in order, then, as an aid to an understanding of the problems involved and as a guide to future attempts to resolve them. In addition to a general survey of the question, three case studies have been included both as illustrations of many of these problems and as specific situations by which to test proposed solutions.

Now fully revised and expanded, this is the only available bibliography on the subject of "land-lockedness" and its effects on economic development. Reflecting its expanded title, this new edition includes not only updated information on the plight of land-locked countries, but also their current levels of economic development and their role in international law, such as the International Law of the Sea, Kyoto Protocol on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and international pipeline agreements. The volume lists thousands of primary and secondary source materials for research, including books, monographs, journals, governmental reports, NGO publications, and unpublished materials. The book is truly international in scope, with listings in 29 languages.

This distinctive volume contains twenty first-person narrative essays from Holocaust survivors who were children at the time of the atrocity. As children aged two to sixteen, these authors had different experiences than their adult counterparts and also had different outlooks in understanding the events that they survived. While most Holocaust memoirs focus on one individual or one country, ""And Life Is Changed Forever"" offers a varied collection of compelling reflections. The survivors come from Germany, Poland, Austria, Romania, Hungary, Italy, Greece, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Latvia, and Czechoslovakia. All of the contributors escaped death, but they did so in myriad ways. Some children posed as Gentiles or were hidden by sympathizers, some went to concentration camps and survived slave labor, some escaped on the Kindertransports, and some were sent to endure hardships in a ""safe"" location such as Siberia or unoccupied France. While each essay is intensely personal, all speak to the universal horrors and the triumphs of all children who have survived persecution. ""And Life Is Changed Forever"" also focuses on what these children became - teachers, engineers, physicians, entrepreneurs, librarians, parents, and grandparents - and explores the impact of the Holocaust on their later lives.