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This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition
make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order
to produce important and innovative changes in theories and
concepts. Gathering revised contributions presented at the
international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR18), held on
October 24-26 2018 in Seville, Spain, the book is divided into
three main parts. The first focuses on models, reasoning, and
representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an
applied perspective, and addresses issues concerning information
visualization, experimental methods, and design. The second part
goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving, and
reasoning. The respective papers assess different types of
reasoning, and discuss various concepts of inference and creativity
and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third
part reports on a number of epistemological and technological
issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and
describing representative case studies, this part is intended to
foster new discussions and stimulate new ideas. All in all, the
book provides researchers and graduate students in the fields of
applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science, and artificial
intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of the latest
theories and applications of model-based reasoning.
This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition
make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order
to produce important and innovative changes in theories and
concepts. Gathering revised contributions presented at the
international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR18), held on
October 24-26 2018 in Seville, Spain, the book is divided into
three main parts. The first focuses on models, reasoning, and
representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an
applied perspective, and addresses issues concerning information
visualization, experimental methods, and design. The second part
goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving, and
reasoning. The respective papers assess different types of
reasoning, and discuss various concepts of inference and creativity
and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third
part reports on a number of epistemological and technological
issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and
describing representative case studies, this part is intended to
foster new discussions and stimulate new ideas. All in all, the
book provides researchers and graduate students in the fields of
applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science, and artificial
intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of the latest
theories and applications of model-based reasoning.
"How to Play Dialogues" constitutes the first introduction to
Dialogical Logic aimed at the practice of dialogic containing
precise comments on solutions to exercises in first-order
classical, intuitionistic and elements of propositional modal
logic. It is the first part of the work "The Dialogues of Logic,"
conceived in two separate autonomous texts on dialogical logic. The
two texts should provide together a comprehensive technical and
philosophical overview of the dialogical approach to logic.
Les arguments qui integrent des enonces intentionnels et
fictionnels defient les lois de la logique classique en remettant
en cause la validite de principes comme la generalisation
existentielle ou la substitution des identiques. A l'interface
entre phenomenologie et philosophie de la logique, l'intentionalite
et la fictionalite sont abordees par Matthieu Fontaine en lien avec
l'etude des pratiques argumentatives. Il se detache ainsi des
approches purement referentialistes en s'appuyant sur l'idee selon
laquelle, dans l'argumentation, la fiction emerge d'une interaction
liee aux choix: Etre, c'est etre choisi L'auteur defend une theorie
artefactuelle dans laquelle la notion de dependance ontologique
occupe une place centrale. Cette notion de dependance ontologique
est toutefois sujette a de graves difficultes, que l'auteur
surmonte avec brio dans une semantique modale-temporelle.
Ce livre est le premier volume d'un ouvrage, Logique Dialogique:
une introduction, concu selon deux parties autonomes sur la logique
dialogique. Les deux volumes fournissent neanmoins, a un niveau
technique et philosophique, une vue d'ensemble de l'approche
dialogique de la logique. Constituant un support efficace et
didactique pour apprendre les fondements et la pratique de la
logique dialogique, elles s'adressent ainsi tant aux professeurs et
enseignants pour la preparation de cours qu'aux etudiants qui
veulent se former individuellement. Le premier volume, Methode de
Dialogique: Regles et Exercices, constitue la premiere introduction
a la pratique de la dialogique et contient des commentaires precis
sur la solution d'exercices divers de logique classique de premier
ordre, de logique intuitionniste et de logique modale
propositionnelle. Le present volume est lui-meme ecrit en deux
parties. La premiere etant ecrite pour le lecteur non specialise
envisage, pour apprendre a jouer avec des dialogues, un point de
vue analogue a la facon dont on apprend a jouer a des jeux
conventionnels comme les echecs par exemple: on se familiarise avec
les regles qui gouvernent les figures, les regles du developpement
du jeu et finalement les regles qui produisent les strategies
gagnantes. La deuxieme partie contient une formulation plus precise
de ce qui a ete presente et travaille dans la premiere section.
Elle se termine sur une justification de la correspondance entre la
dialogique et le calcul des sequents. Le second volume presente un
contenu plus avance incluant la metatheorie correspondante.
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