Currently, animal origin food (protein and fat) especially dairy products demand is increasing and coming over the supply. Hence, to alleviate this problem and to fill the gap different dairy technologies transfer as a package for smallholder dairy farmers. It is clear that efficient utilization of dairy technologies could enhance both the production and productivity of the dairy sector. On the other hand these technologies also used to increase smallholder dairy farmers income which is generated from the sector. However, it requires a serious follow up starting from the government professionals up to the farm household families. Moreover, identifying the socio-economic characteristics which determine the uptake and utilization of those dairy technologies is mandatory. Therefore, this book is prepared to adress these issues.

This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle. The first chapter discusses the physiology of the main impediments to fertility and management issues that need to be addressed to ensure good fertility of dairy cows. The chapter focusses on parturition and uterine health, the importance of the post-partum environment and the role of oestrus, as well as methods of establishing pregnancy and the effect of heat stress on cows' fertility. The second chapter considers recent developments in automated monitoring of livestock fertility and pregnancy, focussing on its implementation in dairy cattle production. The chapter explores the physiological basics of the reproductive cycle in dairy cattle and the use of artificial intelligence to monitor and report changes in animal behaviour. The third chapter reviews progress in understanding the role of genetics in addressing the decline in fertility rates in dairy cattle. The chapter discusses strategies to improve the reproductive performance of dairy cattle, including the use of different breeds, measures of fertility and genomic data. The final chapter reviews best practices to detect reproductive problems and limitations in dairy cattle. The chapter identifies key areas which are known to limit performance and provides strategies which can be implemented to optimise reproductive performance and maximise animal health.