This book provides a comprehensive mathematical description and analysis of the delegate allocation processes in the US Democratic and Republican presidential primaries, focusing on the role of apportionment methods and the effect of thresholds-the minimum levels of support required to receive delegates. The analysis involves a variety of techniques, including theoretical arguments, simplicial geometry, Monte Carlo simulation, and examination of presidential primary data from 2004 to 2020. The book is divided into two parts: Part I defines the classical apportionment problem and explains how the implementation and goals of delegate apportionment differ from those of apportionment for state representation in the US House of Representatives and for party representation in legislatures based on proportional representation. The authors then describe how delegates are assigned to states and congressional districts and formally define the delegate apportionment methods used in each state by the two major parties to allocate delegates to presidential candidates. Part II analyzes and compares the apportionment methods introduced in Part I based on their level of bias and adherence to various notions of proportionality. It explores how often the methods satisfy the quota condition and quantifies their biases in favor or against the strongest and weakest candidates. Because the methods are quota-based, they are susceptible to classical paradoxes like the Alabama and population paradoxes. They also suffer from other paradoxes that are more relevant in the context of delegate apportionment such as the elimination and aggregation paradoxes. The book evaluates the extent to which each method is susceptible to each paradox. Finally, it discusses the appointment of delegates based on divisor methods and notions of regressive proportionality. This book appeals to scholars and students interested in mathematical economics and political science, with an emphasis on apportionment and social choice theory.

Expressing poetry & recording music since 1996, Michael Jones Jr. now gives you an introduction into his sacred world of thoughts & prophecies. After refusing to perform anywhere in the United States, Canada, and villages in Zimbabwe - He releases part one of Visual Thoughts. He stresses that this is a part of his life- His happiness & purpose- His LEGEND- "This is beyond words on a page" PROTECT IT.

A girl with a white oval face, almond-shaped eyes and a long neck sat at the back of a wooden Thai house in Chiang Rai in 1989. She was curious about something that was taking place in an adjoining room. Every few seconds she pressed her right ear against a crack in the wooden wall, but she could not clearly hear the conversation between a fat woman and a European man. Presently, she stood up. She was five feet nine inches tall, with nicely shaped arms and legs, long fingers and full, wide lips. Her white skin made her appear almost European and a short hairstyle completed this suggestion. She was not beautiful, but her mannerisms and demeanour gave her a character that was very attractive to men. Her slight figure with well-shaped breasts, an innate shyness and a ready smile exuded a strong feeling of sympathetic sex appeal. Her name was Shan. When restless ex-pat Richard Dido meets divorcee Faran Muliner in an up-country bar in provincial Thailand, it's the start of a unique friendship. Idealistic Faran finds an unlikely kindred spirit in Richard and, taking their pick of local courtesans, the two men launch into an orgiastic lifestyle unfettered by the restrictions of their puritan pasts. Teenage beauty Shan, the most popular girl in the local bordello, moves in to make a menage a trois and all seems bliss in their self-made Eden; but when Faran falls for Shan, the two men find their ideals - and their paradise - under threat. Based on the real-life Thai diaries of an exiled libertine, A Painted Paragon offers an explicit view into a world where sex holds no shame and true morality lies in a full appreciation of life's sensuousness.