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On the promontory of Kinnaird Head, on the north-east coast of
Scotland, sits a peculiarly designed lighthouse. It is an exception
in history - the only lighthouse in the world to be built into a
castle. Originally constructed in 1571 by Sir Alexander Fraser, the
castle towered over his new town of Fraserburgh with Scotland's
forgotten university built in its shadow. For 200 years this small
tower played host to lairds, lords and Jacobites before abandonment
in 1750. The castle was saved from ruin in 1787 when the newly
formed Northern Lighthouse Board transformed it into their first
Scottish lighthouse. Every Stevenson engineer visited and left
their mark on the site, while a never-ending watch of keepers kept
the light flashing for 200 years. With automation in 1991 there was
a second abandonment of the old tower, until it made its latest
transition from lighthouse to museum. Since 1995 it has been
Scotland's most visited lighthouse, frozen in time as a monument to
the manned lighthouses of old.
Visitors to South-East Asia are usually astonished at the profusion
of marine life that exists in this biodiversity hot-spot. Reef
Fishes of South-East Asia is a comprehensive and easy-to-follow
guide to this rich diversity. Covering the waters off the coasts of
Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia
and the Philippines, this compact book, illustrated with vibrant
colour photographs, is an essential companion for anyone interested
in the undersea world, from the casual snorkeller to the most
experienced diver. It includes concise descriptions of 270 species
of fish, corals and invertebrates, accompanied by 300 full-colour
photographs, and information on habitat, diet and behaviour. Clear
line drawings are provided for quick identification of fish
families, and a short introduction covers reef conservation and
practical tips to help you get the most out of your visit to the
region.
Before the age of the lighthouse Scotland's untamed seas and
perilous rocky coast too often witnessed the watery end to the
mariner's voyage. From its establishment in 1786, it was the remit
of the Northern Lighthouse Board to tame these harsh seas with the
building of guiding lights around Scotland's rugged coast 'For the
Safety of All'. The history of Scotland's lighthouses would be
dominated by one family of engineers. For its first 150 years, the
NLB would be shaped by four generations of the Stevenson family as
lighthouse builders, innovators and inventors. From humble
beginnings at Kinnaird Head, this family would perfect the
engineering marvels of the Bell Rock and Skerryvore, and pioneer
wireless technologies into the modern age. The lighthouse story is
also one of habitation on the Stevensons' creations on the
extremities of civilisation as the light-keepers, and their
families, lived and served on the wind-battered terrain of
Scotland's edge. It was a story of survival, a unique way of life,
which came and went within the pages of this history. The
technological breakthroughs which began with the Stevensons
advanced to automation and the end of the light-keeper. Nowadays
the lights still flash, but there's nobody there.
Since its completion in 1811, the Bell Rock Lighthouse has been
revered as an industrial wonder of the world. The iconic tower was
built on the Inchcape Rock, a submerged reef some 12 miles off the
coast of Arbroath, and now stands as the oldest sea-washed tower in
the world, surviving over 200 years of violent storms and crashing
waves. The construction of the Bell Rock made the name of the
Stevenson family, a dynasty of lighthouse engineers who dominated
Scottish lighthouse engineering for 150 years. Robert Stevenson was
the first man on the reef and the last man off, a personal
commitment which saw the Bell Rock's actual Chief Engineer, John
Rennie, almost deleted from the building's history. The Bell Rock
is, however, more than just Stevenson and Rennie. Not only was it a
remarkable feat of engineering, but one which played host to a
remarkable way of life. The light-keepers undertook nightly vigils
on the rock for 177 years, their often mundane and monotonous
duties occasionally being punctuated by technological improvements
and world events. The keepers are now all gone but the Bell Rock
continues to show its familiar flash for the safety of all.
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