Editor Michael Burger brings together a comprehensive assessment of how one statutory provision - Section 115 of the Clean Air Act, ''International Air Pollution'' - provides the executive branch of the U.S. government with the authority, procedures, and mechanisms to work with the states and private sector to take national climate action. This collaborative effort reflects the most current thinking on Section 115 and how it relates to the Paris Agreement , the U.S. Supreme Court, and U.S. politics. The contributors dive deep into the key implementation issues EPA, the states and industry would need to address. Federal policymakers in a new presidential administration could use this book as a foundation for developing a national policy regulating greenhouse gas emissions. The book also provides detailed law and policy analyses for environmental lawyers and policy professionals, key to understanding the practice of climate law and policy in the U.S.

This book investigates how bishops deployed reward and punishment to control their administrative subordinates in thirteenth-century England. Bishops had few effective avenues available to them for disciplining their clerks, and rarely pursued them, preferring to secure their service and loyalty through rewards. The chief reward was the benefice, often granted for life. Episcopal administrators' security of tenure in these benefices, however, made them free agents, allowing them to transfer from diocese to diocese or even leave administration altogether; they did not constitute a standing episcopal civil service. This tenuous bureaucratic relationship made the personal relationship between bishop and clerk more important. Ultimately, many bishops communicated in terms of friendship with their administrators, who responded with expressions of devotion. Michael Burger's study brings together ecclesiastical, social, legal, and cultural history, producing the first synoptic study of thirteenth-century English diocesan administration in decades. His research provides an ecclesiastical counterpoint to numerous studies of bastard feudalism in secular contexts.

Cities have taken a leading role in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As federal and state climate policy waxes and wanes, many of the largest U.S. cities have pledged themselves to ambitious sustainability goals, as have smaller communities across the country. City-level policy makers, facing a range of political constraints, a thicket of federal and state laws, and varying degrees of municipal authority, need to figure out how to meet their climate commitments. Urban Climate Law is a practical, user-friendly primer on the legal challenges and opportunities for effective and equitable decarbonization. Michael Burger and Amy E. Turner—leading experts in local climate law and policy—examine the key issues surrounding climate mitigation policies across the buildings, transportation, waste, and energy sectors, with an emphasis on environmental justice. They explore the legal frameworks and factors that can constrain or enable various approaches at the municipal level. Burger and Turner clearly and accessibly present complex legal topics like preemption, federal statutes such as the Clean Air Act, and constitutional law for readers without legal backgrounds, including students, advocates, officials, and other practitioners. Aimed at a nonspecialist audience, this book provides concise and comprehensible answers to the core questions cities confront when seeking to develop legally sound local climate policy.

History students read a lot. They read primary sources. They read specialized articles and monographs. They sometimes read popular histories. And they read textbooks. Yet students are beginners, and as beginners they need to learn the differences among various kinds of readings - their natures, their challenges, and the unique expectations one needs to bring to each of them. Reading History is a practical guide to help students read better. Uniquely designed with the author's engaging explanations in the margins, the book describes primary sources across various genres, including documents of practice, treatises, and literary works, as well as secondary sources such as textbooks, articles, and monographs. An appendix contains tips and questions for reading primary or secondary sources. Full of practical advice and hands-on training that allows students to be successful, Reading History will cultivate a wider appreciation for the discipline of history.

Climate Change, Public Health, and the Law provides the first comprehensive explication of the dynamic interactions between climate change, public health law, and environmental law, both in the United States and internationally. Responding to climate change and achieving public health protections each require the coordination of the decisions and behavior of large numbers of people. However, they also involve interventions that risk compromising individual rights. The challenges involved in coordinating large-scale responses to public health threats and protecting against the invasion of rights, makes the law indispensable to both of these agendas. Written for the benefit of public health and environmental law professionals and policymakers in the United States and in the international public health sector, this volume focuses on the legal components of pursuing public health goals in the midst of a changing climate. It will help facilitate efforts to develop, improve, and carry out policy responses at the international, federal, state, and local levels.

This book investigates how bishops deployed reward and punishment to control their administrative subordinates in thirteenth-century England. Bishops had few effective avenues available to them for disciplining their clerks, and rarely pursued them, preferring to secure their service and loyalty through rewards. The chief reward was the benefice, often granted for life. Episcopal administrators' security of tenure in these benefices, however, made them free agents, allowing them to transfer from diocese to diocese or even leave administration altogether; they did not constitute a standing episcopal civil service. This tenuous bureaucratic relationship made the personal relationship between bishop and clerk more important. Ultimately, many bishops communicated in terms of friendship with their administrators, who responded with expressions of devotion. Michael Burger's study brings together ecclesiastical, social, legal, and cultural history, producing the first synoptic study of thirteenth-century English diocesan administration in decades. His research provides an ecclesiastical counterpoint to numerous studies of bastard feudalism in secular contexts.

Ein Kardinalsymptom des Burnout-Syndroms ist die emotionale Erschoepfung: Freude, Gluck und Interesse weichen der Amnesie. Ebenso die Fahigkeit zur Empathie und Wertschatzung. AErztinnen und AErzte sind besonders von diesem Syndrom betroffen. Das Buch soll einen Baustein fur ein neues medizinisches Zeitalter bilden, in dem AErzte auch einen gesundheitsbildenden Blick auf sich selbst werfen. Die Autoren betrachten das Thema aus der Sicht der Klinischen Psychologie, der Organisationsberatung und Gruppendynamik sowie aus arztlicher Perspektive.

Cities have taken a leading role in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As federal and state climate policy waxes and wanes, many of the largest U.S. cities have pledged themselves to ambitious sustainability goals, as have smaller communities across the country. City-level policy makers, facing a range of political constraints, a thicket of federal and state laws, and varying degrees of municipal authority, need to figure out how to meet their climate commitments. Urban Climate Law is a practical, user-friendly primer on the legal challenges and opportunities for effective and equitable decarbonization. Michael Burger and Amy E. Turner—leading experts in local climate law and policy—examine the key issues surrounding climate mitigation policies across the buildings, transportation, waste, and energy sectors, with an emphasis on environmental justice. They explore the legal frameworks and factors that can constrain or enable various approaches at the municipal level. Burger and Turner clearly and accessibly present complex legal topics like preemption, federal statutes such as the Clean Air Act, and constitutional law for readers without legal backgrounds, including students, advocates, officials, and other practitioners. Aimed at a nonspecialist audience, this book provides concise and comprehensible answers to the core questions cities confront when seeking to develop legally sound local climate policy.

Sources for the History of Western Civilization is a primary source reader designed specifically to allow undergraduate students to interact with historical documents without unnecessary editorial intervention. Volume I begins in the second millennium BC with The Descent of Ishtar and ends with Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason. New to this edition are an example for students of how to read a primary source, selections from Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, additional material from Augustine's Confessions, additional letters from Sidonius Appolinaris and Desiderius Erasmus, and the Code Noir.

Liberalisierung und Globalisierung der Wirtschaft gehen Hand in Hand in unserer Zeit. Die Ara des nationalen Protektionismus in der ersten Halfte des J ahrhunderts war zugleich eine Ara wachsender Staatslenkung der Wirtschaft. GroBe Teile der Wirtschaft wurden verstaatlicht, die ubrige Wirtschaft zunehmenden Staatseingriffen ausgesetzt. 1m Sowjet-Block wurde die Wirtschaft zentral geplant und gelenkt. Die Ergebnisse dieser zunehmenden Staatstatigkeit entsprachen aber nicht den Erwartungen. In der Zeit seit dem zweiten Weltkrieg wurde deshalb zunehmend der marktwirtschaftliche Weg der Liberalisierung gegangen. Unter der tat kraftigen Fiihrung der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika entstand ein Sy stem des Freihande1s, das GATT, heute weiterentwickelt in die Welt Handels-Organisation (WTO). Ihm entsprach auch der Weg der europai schen Integration nach dem Prinzip des unverfalschten Wettbewerbs. Zu nehmend durfen nach diesen Spielregeln Auslander gegenuber Inlandem durch die jeweilige nationale Politik nicht mehr diskriminiert werden. Der Liberalisierung folgte ein phanomenaler Aufschwung des Welthan de1s. Dieser war seinerseits eine der Ursachen fiir die phanomenale Wohl standssteigerung in einem groBen Teil der Welt wahrend der zweiten Halfte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Lander, die sich der Herausforde rung des intemationalen Wettbewerbs stellten, erfuhren besonders deut lich die Wohlstandseffekte einer flexiblen, schlanken, fortschrittsorien tierten Wettbewerbswirtschaft. Das deutsche "Wirtschaftswunder" unter VI Ludwig Erhard war ein erstes Beispiel fiir die Friichte eines Bemiihens um intemationale Wettbewerbsfahigkeit. Die OECD-Uinder insgesamt wuchsen durch dieses System eines freien Weltmarkts in eine Ara wach sender Prosperitat und Beschaftigung hinein."

Business Computing umfasst jene Bereiche der EDV, mit denen sehr viele EDV-Anwender im Geschafts- und Ausbildungsumfeld in Beruhrung kommen. Das Buch fuhrt in die Anwendungsprogramme WORD 2003, EXCEL 2003, ACCESS 2003 und POWERPOINT 2003 ein. Es zeichnet sich dabei durch die Konzentration auf das Wesentliche aus. Da die meisten Anwender erfahrungsgemass nur einen kleinen Teil des gesamten Leistungsspektrums fur ihre Arbeit benotigen, hebt das Buch diese Komponenten besonders heraus. Es zielt darauf ab, durch eine Verringerung der Komplexitat die Orientierung zu erleichtern. An geeigneten Stellen vermittelt Ihnen das Buch daruber hinaus auch Hintergrundinformationen, die ein noch zielfuhrenderes Arbeiten mit den Anwendungsprogrammen ermoglichen. So gibt es beispielsweise im Powerpoint-Teil Hinweise zur allgemeinen Gestaltung von Prasentationen. Im Teil uber Datenbanken widmet es der Konzeption von Datenbanken ein ganzes Kapitel. "

Examination Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject English - Literature, Works, grade: 1,5, University of Augsburg (Neue Englische Literaturen und Kulturwissenschaft), course: New English Literatures, language: English, abstract: The relationship between a mother and her children has been a prominent topic in literature ever since the genre of written fiction has become popular in the past. Mother figures from Jocasta in the ancient Greek tragedy King Oedipus and Gertrude in the Shakespeare classic Hamlet to Norma Bates in the 20th century suspense novel Psycho, to name but a few, have thrilled the audience as well as given critics a diverse subject to deal with. One reason for this ongoing fascination over centuries of literary production may lie in the extraordinarily complex relationship structure which can be developed between a mere dyad of people who happen to be mother and child. Yet, another reason for the perpetual re-invention of the issue can be found in its apparent comprehensibility: every human being has a biological mother and gets socialized by at least one focal person of reference which enables them to relate to the fictional stories easily. The unique quality of mothers in this process - as plain as it sounds - still is their ability to bear children, and by this act to establish an irreplaceable link to another human being. In the twentieth century, the socio-anthropological development has created a myriad of new possibilities and demographic changes that consequently were to find their way into literature and even have created new genres. Due to "significant shifts ...] in attitudes towards sexuality" (Allan 10), technological advance, and demographic changes, a whole new range of potential life-styles has evolved since the end of World War II. This involved deconstruction of a traditional middle-class myth, namely the breaking up of the nuclear family's near-monopoly position has ultimately led to an "increasing diversity occurring in family

Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, University of Augsburg (New English Literatures and Cultural Studies), course: Japanese Canadian and Japanese American Literature, language: English, abstract: A proverb says: "War does not determine who is right, just who is left." Left, that is naturally the veterans who managed not to get killed in battle and thus survived their mission. But left, that is also the ones who refused fighting in a war for their country, for whatever the reason. War and its aftermaths clearly do not take a decision on which of the two behaviors is right. It just leaves the involved people opposing each other contrarily - like left and right. In John Okada's novel No-No Boy, almost all of its characters are immediately confronted with the previously mentioned discord. Set in the Seattle of 1945, No-No Boy deals with the outer and inner conflicts of a young Japanese American, named Ichiro, who refused the draft by a government, which in his eyes deprived him of his identity as an American. The narration starts with its central character, Ichiro, who had just arrived at a bus station in Seattle and now sees himself confronted with a drastically changed and diverse Japanese American community. By telling the story from Ichiro's perspective, Okada thereby convinces his audience with an authentic depiction of "a quest for self-identity under extreme circumstances" (Huang, 2006: 152) in this fragmented and torn segment of society. Like his protagonist, Okada himself was an American-born son of Japanese immigrants, a so-called Nisei, and therefore also got evacuated from his hometown Seattle during the war years. When the Second World War broke out in 1939, Okada was in his mid-twenties and, unlike Ichiro in the novel, volunteered in the US Air Force, only to get discharged again directly after the war, in 1946 (see Huang, 2006: 152). Okada therefore can be rated a prime source f

Climate Change, Public Health, and the Law provides the first comprehensive explication of the dynamic interactions between climate change, public health law, and environmental law, both in the United States and internationally. Responding to climate change and achieving public health protections each require the coordination of the decisions and behavior of large numbers of people. However, they also involve interventions that risk compromising individual rights. The challenges involved in coordinating large-scale responses to public health threats and protecting against the invasion of rights, makes the law indispensable to both of these agendas. Written for the benefit of public health and environmental law professionals and policymakers in the United States and in the international public health sector, this volume focuses on the legal components of pursuing public health goals in the midst of a changing climate. It will help facilitate efforts to develop, improve, and carry out policy responses at the international, federal, state, and local levels.

Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, grade: 2,0, University of Augsburg (Phil-Hist Fakultat), course: Teaching and Learning English Pronunciation, language: English, abstract: In the course of the last three decades a whole new prominence has been granted to the significance of foreign language (FL) learning. Due to the recent development of globalization, further emerging of multi-national enterprises and the coalescence of the European Union, this appears to be the logical consequence. Because of its nowadays widely accepted status as a lingua franca (Acar 2006) the learning and teaching of English as the most frequently spoken second language has gained importance - in Germany as well as in most industrialized countries speaking prevalently another first language (L1). In the recent past, since the end of the 19th century, changing trends have focused on different methods of language teaching, such as the ability to translate texts, correct use of grammar, or wide range of vocabulary. However, the teaching of English pronunciation finally has come back into the focus of interest since the second half of the 1980s due to the mentioned economic and social changes. Nowadays the ability to (net-) work internationally - and thus reach the "ultimate goal of communication with other speakers of the second language" (Brown 1994: 226) seems to be one of the highest goals of achievement of second language (L2) learning. During the time of almost one century of pronunciation teaching the attitude towards the issue has changed as well: as Chun (1991: 179) states in her article, the development started from a segmental and comparative sound repetition learning strategy, followed by a period of simply ignoring the topic completely from the 1960s to the early 1980s, leading finally to the up-to-date approach of teaching suprasegmentals, sentence intonation as well as other aspects of connected speech. The most curren

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Augsburg, course: Proseminar, 9 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice surely can be considered one of the playwright's greatest works. Still today critics are not fully aware of its actual meaning and there are many different opinions of how this play is to be interpreted. As a matter of fact we can say that Shakespeare has created one of the most diverse plays in the history of drama. Containing two equally important plot-lines and several sub-plots it is very difficult to make out even one main character or to be absolutely sure about their variety of intentions. On the one hand there is one of the main characters, the Jew Shylock, "a comic antagonist far more important than any such figure had been in his Shakespeare's] earlier comedies," who plays the role of a non-Christian villain. And opposing him we have the Venetian society with all its flaws and hypocrisies which are pointed out during the conflict with Shylock. On the other hand there is the romantic love story between Portia and Bassanio located in remote Belmont, which is the actual trigger for the conflict between Antonio and Shylock and also brings a solution to it. This solution is due to Portia's cunning and liberation as a woman, which can be seen in her disguising as the judge in order to be able to save Antonio's life; there are only two qualities which are supposed to be quite unusual for a female character of that time. But at the same time she has to fulfil her typical role as "a faithful daughter whatever the consequence," yielding to fate by obeying her father's will. And Portia is not the only ambigous and exceptional figure of the play.

Michael Burger's goal in this inexpensive overview is to provide a brief, historical narrative of Western civilization. Not only does its length and price separate this text from the competition, but its no-frills, uncluttered format and well-written, one-authored approach make it a valuable asset for every history student.

The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity to the Mid-Eighteenth Century begins with the ancient Near East and ends with the mid-eighteenth century. Unlike other textbooks that pile on dates and facts, Shaping is a more coherent and interpretive presentation. Burger's skills as writer and synthesizer will enable students to obtain the background required to ask meaningful questions of primary sources. In addition to suggestions for further reading, this overview includes over 40 images and 14 maps.