The use of writing in the development of Greek law was unique. In this comparative study Professor Gagarin shows the reader how Greek law developed and explains why it became so different from the legal systems with which most legal historians are familiar. While other early communities wrote codes of law for academic or propaganda purposes, the Greeks used writing extensively to make their laws available to a relatively large segment of the community. On the other hand, the Greeks made little use of writing in litigation whereas other cultures used it extensively in this area, often putting written documents at the heart of the judicial process. Greek law thereby avoided becoming excessively technical and never saw the development of a specialised legal profession. This book will be of interest to those with an interest in the history of law, as well as ancient historians.

This Companion volume provides a comprehensive overview of the major themes and topics pertinent to ancient Greek law. A substantial introduction establishes the recent historiography on this topic and its development over the last 30 years. Many of the 22 essays, written by an international team of experts, deal with procedural and substantive law in classical Athens, but significant attention is also paid to legal practice in the archaic and Hellenistic eras; areas that offer substantial evidence for legal practice, such as Crete and Egypt; the intersection of law with religion, philosophy, political theory, rhetoric, and drama, as well as the unity of Greek law and the role of writing in law. The volume is intended to introduce non-specialists to the field as well as to stimulate new thinking among specialists.

How successful were the Athenians and other Greeks in bringing about the rule of law? What did the Greeks recognize as 'law' both in the polis and internationally? How did the courts attempt to implement this ideal, and how successful were they? This collection of essays sets out to answer these questions, concentrating on the following themes: law, religion and the sources of legitimacy; substance and procedure; legal arguments in court; documents and witnesses; and law in an international context. There is much here to interest not only specialists in Greek law, but also those concerned more generally with both Greek history and the history of law.Contributors include: Christopher Carey, Angelos Chaniotis, Michael Gagarin, Edward Harris, Adriaan Lanni, Frederick Naiden, Robert Parker, Peter Rhodes, Lene Rubinstein, James Sickinger.

The use of writing in the development of Greek law was unique. In this comparative 2008 study Professor Gagarin shows the reader how Greek law developed and explains why it became so different from the legal systems with which most legal historians are familiar. While other early communities wrote codes of law for academic or propaganda purposes, the Greeks used writing extensively to make their laws available to a relatively large segment of the community. On the other hand, the Greeks made little use of writing in litigation whereas other cultures used it extensively in this area, often putting written documents at the heart of the judicial process. Greek law thereby avoided becoming excessively technical and never saw the development of a specialised legal profession. This book will be of interest to those with an interest in the history of law, as well as ancient historians.

This Companion volume provides a comprehensive overview of the major themes and topics pertinent to ancient Greek law. A substantial introduction establishes the recent historiography on this topic and its development over the last 30 years. Many of the 22 essays, written by an international team of experts, deal with procedural and substantive law in classical Athens, but significant attention is also paid to legal practice in the archaic and Hellenistic eras; areas that offer substantial evidence for legal practice, such as Crete and Egypt; the intersection of law with religion, philosophy, political theory, rhetoric, and drama, as well as the unity of Greek law and the role of writing in law. The volume is intended to introduce non-specialists to the field as well as to stimulate new thinking among specialists.

This volume provides a commentary on the six surviving speeches of the fifth-century BC Athenian orator Antiphon, all of which concern homicide, together with a fragment of Antiphon's final speech at his own trial for treason in 411 BC. The commentary discusses grammatical, stylistic, textual, legal, rhetorical, historical and other matters and focuses especially on Antiphon's argumentation and forensic strategy: why he presents these arguments in this particular way. The work includes a new Greek text which restores some of the special qualities of Antiphon's style that twentieth-century editors have edited out and a substantial introduction to the life and work of Antiphon, the nature of Athenian law and legal oratory and the style and textual tradition of Antiphon.

This edition of early Greek writings on social and political issues includes works by more than thirty authors, including the sophists, poets, tragedians, historians, medical writers and presocratic philosophers. Besides political theory, ancient political thought includes early sociology, anthropology, ethics and rhetoric, and the wide range of issues discussed includes the origin of human society, the origin of law, the nature of justice, the forms of good government, and the distribution of power among genders and social classes.

This edition of early Greek writings on social and political issues includes works by more than thirty authors, including the sophists, poets, tragedians, historians, medical writers and presocratic philosophers. Besides political theory, ancient political thought includes early sociology, anthropology, ethics and rhetoric, and the wide range of issues discussed includes the origin of human society, the origin of law, the nature of justice, the forms of good government, and the distribution of power among genders and social classes.

This volume provides a commentary on the six speeches of the fifth-century BC Athenian orator Antiphon, all of which concern homicide. This is the first complete English commentary on Antiphon and the first in any language since 1838. The book opens with a substantial introduction to the life and work of Antiphon and the nature of Athenian law and legal oratory. A new Greek text follows. The commentary itself discusses grammatical, stylistic, legal, rhetorical and historical matters.

This volume presents the Greek text of approximately 200 stone inscriptions, which detail the laws of ancient Crete in the archaic and classical periods, c.650-400 BCE. The texts of the inscriptions, many of which are fragmentary and relatively unknown, are accompanied by an English translation and also two commentaries; one focused on epigraphical and linguistic issues, and the other, requiring no knowledge of Greek, focused on legal and historical issues. The texts are preceded by a substantial introduction, which surveys the geography, history, writing habits, social and political structure, economy, religion, and law of Crete in this period.

Pairs passages from works of classical rhetoric with contemporary legal rulings to highlight and analyze their deep and abiding connections in matters of persuasion.

Winner, Friends of the Dallas Public Library Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, 2003 Antiphon was a fifth-century Athenian intellectual (ca. 480-411 BCE) who created the profession of speechwriting while serving as an influential and highly sought-out adviser to litigants in the Athenian courts. Three of his speeches are preserved, together with three sets of Tetralogies (four hypothetical paired speeches), whose authenticity is sometimes doubted. Fragments also survive of intellectual treatises on subjects including justice, law, and nature (physis), which are often attributed to a separate Antiphon the Sophist. Were these two Antiphons really one and the same individual, endowed with a wide-ranging mind ready to tackle most of the diverse intellectual interests of his day? Through an analysis of all these writings, this book convincingly argues that they were composed by a single individual, Antiphon the Athenian. Michael Gagarin sets close readings of individual works within a wider discussion of the fifth-century Athenian intellectual climate and the philosophical ferment known as the sophistic movement. This enables him to demonstrate the overall coherence of Antiphon's interests and writings and to show how he was a pivotal figure between the sophists and the Attic orators of the fourth century. In addition, Gagarin's argument allows us to reassess the work of the sophists as a whole, so that they can now be seen as primarily interested in logos (speech, argument) and as precursors of fourth-century rhetoric, rather than in their usual role as foils for Plato.

Classical oratory is an invaluable resource for the study of ancient Greek life and culture. The speeches offer evidence on Greek moral views, social and economic conditions, political and social ideology, and other aspects of Athenian culture that have been largely ignored: women and family life, slavery, and religion, to name just a few.

This volume contains the works of the two earliest surviving orators, Antiphon and Andocides. Antiphon (ca. 480-411) was a leading Athenian intellectual and creator of the profession of logography ("speech writing"), whose special interest was law and justice. His six surviving works all concern homicide cases. Andocides (ca. 440-390) was involved in two religious scandals--the mutilation of the Herms (busts of Hermes) and the revelation of the Eleusinian Mysteries--on the eve of the fateful Athenian expedition to Sicily in 415. His speeches are a defense against charges relating to those events.

Drawing on the evidence of anthropology as well as ancient literature and inscriptions, Gagarin examines the emergence of law in Greece from the 8th through the 6th centuries B.C., that is, from the oral culture of Homer and Hesiod to the written enactment of codes of law in most major cities.