A vast array of ocean instrumentation has been developed for research purposes since the middle of the twentieth century, among which remote sensing technologies have become increasingly important. Within this class of instruments, high frequency (HF) surface and skywave radar, microwave marine radar and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-based radar have been successfully implemented in gathering information on large tracts of the ocean surface. This book provides a systematic introduction to the principles, state-of-the-art methods and applications of HF surface and sky wave radar, microwave marine radar and GNSS-based radar, as well as an exploration of ongoing challenges in the field. Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies: High frequency, marine and GNSS-based radar includes 23 chapters that are organized into three parts, mainly according to sensor types. The first part covers work related to HF radar, the second focusses on microwave marine radar, and the third concentrates on GNSS-based radar. Each part consists of an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the corresponding sensor, followed by chapters focussing on fundamental theory, specific applications, or advanced algorithm development. Each of the chapters is self-contained and readers should be aware that there may be across-chapter differences in symbols used for various parameters. The book is intended for a variety of readers in the radar and remotes sensing communities, and content has been selected with a range of interests and backgrounds in mind.

Linda Hogan and Contemporary Taiwanese Writers: an Ecocritical Study of Indigeneities and Environment is the first full length single-authored study of Native American writer Linda Hogan and the first book to address Hogan's poetry and prose primarily from ecocritical perspectives (inclusive of ecofeminism, environmental justice, postcolonial ecocriticism, and animal studies). It also is unique for the reason that it is a comparative study of the work of Hogan and writings by Taiwanese environmental writers, scholars, and activists. Chapter One, which serves as the introduction to the book, written by and from the perspective of an indigene, begins by giving readers a glimpse into the kind of world in the east in which the author came of age. It then relates this world to the western worlds that Hogan writes about in her poetry and prose. Chapter Two focuses on Hogan's most recently published novel, People of the Whale (2008), and on the arguments that the novel makes about the environmentally unsustainable acts of corporate globalization that involve the trade in endangered animal species. Huang relates those arguments to the oil industry in Taiwan and to the extirpation of cetacean species in the waters of Taiwan by this industry. Chapter Three is an analysis of the novel Mean Spirit (1990). Huang reads this novel mostly through the lens of environmental justice arguments. Chapter Four addresses the novel Solar Storms (1995) from the perspective of ecofeminist theory and in the context of the issue of the escalation of mega-dams in East Asia. Chapter Five analyses the novel Power from animal studies perspectives. Chapter Six is a comparative studies reading of poems by several prominent Chinese, Taiwanese, and Aboriginal poets-Taiwanese poet Ka-hsiang Liu, Paiwan poet Mona Neng, Atayal poet Walis Nokan, and Chinese-Taiwanese poet Guangzhong Yu-and Hogan's latest collection of poetry, entitled Dark. Sweet: New & Selected Poems (2014). In his reading of this work, Huang relies on a definition of "ecopoetry" in Ann Fisher-Wirth and Laura-Gray Street's recently published The Ecopoetry Anthology (2013). He also brings together the main theoretical ecocritical terms that he discusses in the previous chapters.

This book demonstrates teachers' and learners' experiences with big data in education; education and cloud computing; and new technologies for teacher support. It also discusses the advantages of using these frontier technologies in teaching and learning and predicts the future challenges. As such, it enables readers to better understand how technologies can improve learning and teaching experiences. It is intended for graduates and scholars in educational technology disciplines and anyone interested in the applications of frontier technologies in education.

Embodied Memories, Embedded Healing critically engages with the major East Asian cultural knowledge, beliefs, and practices that influence environmental consciousness in the twenty-first century. This volume examines key thinkers and aspects of Daoist, Confucianist, Buddhist, indigenous, animistic, and neo-Confucianist thought. With a particular focus on animistic perspectives on environmental healing and environmental consciousness, the contributors also engage with media studies (eco-cinema), food studies, critical animal studies, biotechnology, and the material sciences.

Reproducing Chinese Culture in Diaspora discusses how a group of anti-communist Chinese exiles from Yunnan Province have managed to establish a rural livelihood in Thailand's northern hills over the past half century. When faced with the seemingly invincible Communist forces that were sweeping across the Mainland, these nationals retreated in 1949 or shortly thereafter to the Golden Triangle that sits astride the borders of Burma, Laos, and Thailand in voluntary exile. This book mainly concerns their hardships as they have struggled to carve out a new life along with their attempts to find an agricultural identity in the area. Initially gaining power as drug traffickers and narco-kings, the Yunnan exiles have transformed into sustainable farming leaders. Yet, despite their success in establishing themselves in Thailand, their community is facing a steep decline that threatens their long time survival. Part of their rationale in leaving communist China in search of a new settlement in the Golden Triangle, the exiles sought to protect Chinese traditions and ideals in the face of what they felt was Western influence. Yet, in their attempts to maintain their traditions, they've drifted to the opposite extreme, treating those traditions as sacrosanct and adhering to them rigidly. As a result, many of the younger generations are fleeing the communities from this "cultural petrification," and those who stay openly challenge the authoritarian old guard in a desire to modernize. This clash of old vs new severely strains a prosperous yet fragile community, clouding its future in uncertainty.

The leading Party cadre of Lin Village in Southeast China describes in this book forty years of turbulent events that affected individuals and families in the village: the downfall of the landlords during the Land Reform, the rise of poor peasants to political power, the political fanaticism of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and recent efforts to restore rational, pragmatic policies in China's countryside.The magnitude of change in Lin Village since 1949 has been considerable. Most villagers have benefited from tangible improvements in agriculture, education, and medicine, and they have developed a sense of political participation and integration into the national political arena. Significantly, while these dynamic changes have been taking place, the observance of cultural tradition has persisted. Attempts made by the government to change "feudalistic" beliefs and practices have yet to make any lasting impression on village life.More than an account of one village, this book documents for readers the cataclysmic changes of China's entire post-liberation era, detailing their effects in a personalized style. An American anthropologist of Chinese descent, Huang Shu-min employs participant-observation and personal interviews to shape this unique view of rural China today and to delineate some of the misconceptions held by Western academics.

Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss in the Chinese-Speaking World: Reorienting the Political examines the reception of Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss in China and Taiwan. The legacies of both Schmitt, the German legal theorist and thinker who joined the Nazi party, and Strauss, the German-Jewish classicist and political philosopher who became famous after his emigration to the United States, are highly controversial. Since the 1990s, however, these thinkers have had a powerful resonance for Chinese scholars. Today, when Chinese intellectuals debate the Chinese state, the future role of China in the world, the liberal international order, and even the meaning of Confucian civilization, they often employ Schmittian and Straussian concepts like "the political," "friend-enemy," "state of exception," "liberal education," and "natural right." The very possibility of a genuine Chinese political theory is often thought to be tied to the legacy of these two thinkers. This volume explores this complex phenomenon with a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary approach. The twelve essays in this volume are written from a range of perspectives by philosophers, political theorists, historians, and legal scholars from China, Germany, Taiwan, and the United States.

The leading Party cadre of Lin Village in Southeast China describes in this book forty years of turbulent events that affected individuals and families in the village: the downfall of the landlords during the Land Reform, the rise of poor peasants to political power, the political fanaticism of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and recent efforts to restore rational, pragmatic policies in China's countryside.The magnitude of change in Lin Village since 1949 has been considerable. Most villagers have benefited from tangible improvements in agriculture, education, and medicine, and they have developed a sense of political participation and integration into the national political arena. Significantly, while these dynamic changes have been taking place, the observance of cultural tradition has persisted. Attempts made by the government to change "feudalistic" beliefs and practices have yet to make any lasting impression on village life.More than an account of one village, this book documents for readers the cataclysmic changes of China's entire post-liberation era, detailing their effects in a personalized style. An American anthropologist of Chinese descent, Huang Shu-min employs participant-observation and personal interviews to shape this unique view of rural China today and to delineate some of the misconceptions held by Western academics.

Linda Hogan and Contemporary Taiwanese Writers: an Ecocritical Study of Indigeneities and Environment is the first full length single-authored study of Native American writer Linda Hogan and the first book to address Hogan's poetry and prose primarily from ecocritical perspectives (inclusive of ecofeminism, environmental justice, postcolonial ecocriticism, and animal studies). It also is unique for the reason that it is a comparative study of the work of Hogan and writings by Taiwanese environmental writers, scholars, and activists. Chapter One, which serves as the introduction to the book, written by and from the perspective of an indigene, begins by giving readers a glimpse into the kind of world in the east in which the author came of age. It then relates this world to the western worlds that Hogan writes about in her poetry and prose. Chapter Two focuses on Hogan's most recently published novel, People of the Whale (2008), and on the arguments that the novel makes about the environmentally unsustainable acts of corporate globalization that involve the trade in endangered animal species. Huang relates those arguments to the oil industry in Taiwan and to the extirpation of cetacean species in the waters of Taiwan by this industry. Chapter Three is an analysis of the novel Mean Spirit (1990). Huang reads this novel mostly through the lens of environmental justice arguments. Chapter Four addresses the novel Solar Storms (1995) from the perspective of ecofeminist theory and in the context of the issue of the escalation of mega-dams in East Asia. Chapter Five analyses the novel Power from animal studies perspectives. Chapter Six is a comparative studies reading of poems by several prominent Chinese, Taiwanese, and Aboriginal poets-Taiwanese poet Ka-hsiang Liu, Paiwan poet Mona Neng, Atayal poet Walis Nokan, and Chinese-Taiwanese poet Guangzhong Yu-and Hogan's latest collection of poetry, entitled Dark. Sweet: New & Selected Poems (2014). In his reading of this work, Huang relies on a definition of "ecopoetry" in Ann Fisher-Wirth and Laura-Gray Street's recently published The Ecopoetry Anthology (2013). He also brings together the main theoretical ecocritical terms that he discusses in the previous chapters.

This book demonstrates teachers' and learners' experiences with big data in education; education and cloud computing; and new technologies for teacher support. It also discusses the advantages of using these frontier technologies in teaching and learning and predicts the future challenges. As such, it enables readers to better understand how technologies can improve learning and teaching experiences. It is intended for graduates and scholars in educational technology disciplines and anyone interested in the applications of frontier technologies in education.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2018, held in Portoroz, Slovenia, in August 2018. The 66 revised full papers presented together with 4 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Augmented and Virtual Reality in Education; Collaborative Learning; Design and Framework of Learning Systems; Instructional Strategies; Learning Analytics and Education Data Mining; Mind, Brain and Education; Pedagogies to Innovative Technologies; Personalized and Adaptive Learning; Social Media and Online Learning; Technologies Enhanced Language Learning; Application and Design of Innovative Learning Software; Educational Data Analytics Techniques and Adaptive Learning Applications; and Innovative Thinking Education and Future Trend Development.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second International Symposium, SETE 2017, held in conjunction with ICWL 2017, Cape Town, South Africa, in September 2017. The 52 full and 13 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 123 submissions. This symposium attempts to provide opportunities for the crossfertilization of knowledge and ideas from researchers in diverse fields that make up this interdisciplinary research area.

Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss in the Chinese-Speaking World: Reorienting the Political examines the reception of Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss in China and Taiwan. The legacies of both Schmitt, the German legal theorist and thinker who joined the Nazi party, and Strauss, the German-Jewish classicist and political philosopher who became famous after his emigration to the United States, are highly controversial. Since the 1990s, however, these thinkers have had a powerful resonance for Chinese scholars. Today, when Chinese intellectuals debate the Chinese state, the future role of China in the world, the liberal international order, and even the meaning of Confucian civilization, they often employ Schmittian and Straussian concepts like "the political," "friend-enemy," "state of exception," "liberal education," and "natural right." The very possibility of a genuine Chinese political theory is often thought to be tied to the legacy of these two thinkers. This volume explores this complex phenomenon with a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary approach. The twelve essays in this volume are written from a range of perspectives by philosophers, political theorists, historians, and legal scholars from China, Germany, Taiwan, and the United States.

Ecocriticism is a mode of interdisciplinary critical inquiry into the relationship between cultural production, society, and the environment. The field advocates for the more-than-human realm as well as for underprivileged human and non-human groups and their perspectives. Taiwan is one of the earliest centers for promoting ecocriticism outside the West and has continued to play a central role in shaping ecocriticism in East Asia. This is the first English anthology dedicated to the vibrant development of ecocriticism in Taiwan. It provides a window to Taiwan's important contributions to international ecocriticism, especially an emerging "vernacular" trend in the field emphasizing the significance of local perspectives and styles, including non-western vocabularies, aesthetics, cosmologies, and political ideologies. Taiwan's unique history, geographic location, geology, and subtropical climate generate locale-specific, vernacular thinking about island ecology and environmental history, as well as global environmental issues such as climate change, dioxin pollution, species extinction, energy decisions, pollution, and environmental injustice. In hindsight, Taiwan's industrial modernization no longer appears as a success narrative among Asia's "Four Little Dragons," but as a cautionary tale revealing the brute force entrepreneurial exploitation of the land and the people. In this light, this volume can be seen as a critical response to Taiwan's postcolonial, capitalist-industrial modernity, as manifested in the scholars' readings of Taiwan's "mountain and river," ocean, animal, and aboriginal (non)fictional narratives, environmental documentaries, and art installations. This volume is endowed with a mixture of ecocosmopolitan and indigenous sensitivities. Though dominated by the Han Chinese ethnic group and its Confucian ideology, Taiwan is a place of complicated ethnic identities and affiliations. The succession of changing colonial and political regimes, made even more complex by the island's sixteen aboriginal groups and several diasporic subcultures (South Asian immigrants, Western expatriates, and diverse immigrants from the Chinese mainland), has led to an ongoing quest for political and cultural identity. This complexity urges Taiwan-based ecoscholars to pay attention to the diasporic, comparative, and intercultural dimensions of local specificity, either based on their own diasporic experience or the cosmopolitan features of the Taiwanese texts they scrutinize. This cosmopolitan-vernacular dynamic is a key contribution Taiwan has to offer current ecocritical scholarship.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2022, held in Porto, Portugal, in August 2022. The 53 full papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 123 submissions. ICITL focuses on artificial intelligence in education, VR/AR/MR/XR in education, design and framework of learning systems, pedagogies to innovative technologies and learning, application and design of innovative learning.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education, TECH-EDU 2022, was held in Lisbon, Portugal, in August/September 2022. The 21 full papers and 18 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Emergent technologies in education; Online learning and blended learning; Computer science education and STEM; Digital tools and STEM learning; ICT and critical thinking in higher education; Digital transformation in higher education; Artificial Intelligence in Education.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2021, held in November/December 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 59 full papers presented together with 2 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Artificial Intelligence in Education; Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality in Education; Computational Thinking in Education; Design Framework and Model for Innovative learning; Education Practice Issues and Trends; Educational Gamification and Game-based Learning; Innovative Technologies and Pedagogies Enhanced Learning; Multimedia Technology Enhanced Learning; Online Course and Web-Based Environment; and Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Design, and Mathematics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2023, held in Porto, Portugal, during August 28–30, 2023.  The 64 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 147 submissions. They cover a wide range of many different research topics, such as: artificial intelligence in education; computational thinking in education; design and framework of learning systems; pedagogies to innovative technologies and learning; STEM/STEAM education; VR/AR/MR/XR in education; and application and design of innovative learning software.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2019, held in Tromso, Norway, in December 2019. The 85 full papers presented together with 4 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 189 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: application and design of innovative learning software; artificial intelligence and data mining in education; augmented and virtual reality in education; computational thinking in education; design and framework of learning systems; educational data analytics techniques and adaptive learning applications; evaluation, assessment and test; innovative learning in education; mobile learning; new perspectives in education; online course and web-based environment; pedagogies to innovative technologies; social media learning; technologies enhanced language learning; and technology and engineering education.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the First International Symposium, SETE 2016, held in conjunction with ICWL 2016, Rome, Italy, in October 2016. The 81 revised papers, 59 full and 22 short ones, were carefully reviewed and selected from 139 submission. They cover latest findings in various areas, such as emerging technologies for open access to education and learning; emerging technologies supported personalized and adaptive learning; emerging technologies support for intelligent tutoring; emerging technologies support for game-based and joyful learning; emerging technologies of pedagogical issues; emerging technologies for affective learning and emerging technologies for tangible learning.

This book, the first dedicated to this exciting and rapidly growing field, enables readers to understand and prepare high-quality, high-performance TiNi shape memory alloys (SMAs). It covers the properties, preparation and characterization of TiNi SMAs, with particular focus on the latest technologies and applications in MEMS and biological devices. Basic techniques and theory are covered to introduce new-comers to the subject, whilst various sub-topics, such as film deposition, characterization, post treatment, and applying thin films to practical situations, appeal to more informed readers. Each chapter is written by expert authors, providing an overview of each topic and summarizing all the latest developments, making this an ideal reference for practitioners and researchers alike.

This book is intended to answer the following questions: 1. What is ? 2. Why is the momentum order? 3. When and where does irreversibility occur? 4. How can the matter become more orderly? In a relatively well-understood field of my research, the new concepts will be used to explain some of the problems that have puzzled people for about 150 years. The is a type of energy that is missing, not the heat extracted from known energy. It is the potential energy of the spatial configuration of the momentum at the location of the material in the system constructed under known forces. There are two potential energies in the mechanics system. Boltzmann entropy is to calculate the total number of microscopic states by the number of momentum counted in the statistical system. So it must be the order of momentum, instead of the spatial position arrangement of the witnessed substances. The entropy of the ideal gas in the wall-less space can be proved to be equal to considering spatial degeneracy due to space distinguishable of molecule momentum. The gas state equation hides the principle of interaction invariance . One force has two kinds of potential energy. The certainty of the statistical system stems from the order of momentum. The Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat spontaneously flows from a high temperature object to a low temperature one. The Boltzmann entropy of this process is decreased, which is in contrast to the increase of Clausius entropy of the process. This shows that there are two kinds of entropy and two kinds of entropy criteria. The world around us often becomes more orderly. The vortex in the fluid is due to the combination of the angular momentum number and the order flow structure generated spontaneously. When the electrons in the Hydrogen atom form a covalent bond of the molecule, the degeneracy of the electron microscopic states is caused by quantum entanglement. This merge is not only a spontaneous process, but also the molecule is a more ordered material state. Since the mixing process is also a spontaneous process of ISB reduction, the mixture is in a more ordered state. These help us understand that a large number of high molecular compounds are crowded into cells to construct highly ordered life activities. Of course, the orderly process is conditional. We can expect to discover more in the application of the second law of thermodynamics.