There is currently no water cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Of the nine rivers that flow across the border, none possess a formal agreement or mechanism to manage shared water resources. Further, there is very little information available about the status of environment, hydrology, and water resources management for these river basins which could be used as a starting point for dialogues on transboundary water coordination. This State of the Basins Report co-develops an overview of the three most important river basins, in collaboration with water professionals and government agencies in the two countries. It covers water resources, land resources, ecological health, environment, climate change, and the social and economic conditions for sustainable management of these precious resources. It will inform decision making within the two countries, and begin to establish benefits that can accrue from more active collaboration on these shared waters. Key Points It features extensive engagement and co-development with Afghan and Pakistani professionals It focuses on portions of the Indus shared by Afghanistan and Pakistan The first book on the shared waters in the Indus, developed in the context of regional realities associated with post-August 2021 Taliban takeover. The book is aimed at government decision makers, private sector investors, universities, donors, intermediary organizations that work directly with farmers, researchers and students. It is a reference book for graduate students and researchers working on these basins, and on transboundary river and lake basin management in Asia and beyond.

Through a detailed historical and empirical account of post-independence years, this book offers a new assessment of the role of the judiciary in Pakistani politics. Instead of seeing the judiciary as helpless or struggling against an authoritarian state, it argues that the judiciary has been a crucial link in the creation of state and political inequality in Pakistan. This rubs against the central role given to the judiciary in developing countries to fix the 'corrupt politicians and stubborn bureaucracies' in the World Bank's 'Good Governance' paradigm and rule of law initiatives. It also challenges the contemporary legal and judicial discourse that extols the virtues of Public Interest Litigation. While the book's core analysis is a critique of the contemporary liberal legal project, it also adds to the critical tradition of social theory by linking political economy to a social theory of law. The theoretical aspect of the study is applicable to any developing society whose judiciary is going through foreign-sponsored 'rule of law' judicial reforms.

Through a detailed historical and empirical account of post-independence years, this book offers a new assessment of the role of the judiciary in Pakistani politics. Instead of seeing the judiciary as helpless or struggling against an authoritarian state, it argues that the judiciary has been a crucial link in the creation of state and political inequality in Pakistan. This rubs against the central role given to the judiciary in developing countries to fix the 'corrupt politicians and stubborn bureaucracies' in the World Bank's 'Good Governance' paradigm and rule of law initiatives. It also challenges the contemporary legal and judicial discourse that extols the virtues of Public Interest Litigation. While the book's core analysis is a critique of the contemporary liberal legal project, it also adds to the critical tradition of social theory by linking political economy to a social theory of law. The theoretical aspect of the study is applicable to any developing society whose judiciary is going through foreign-sponsored 'rule of law' judicial reforms.

Corporate governance is oriented around the values of fairness, transparency and accountability. The comprehension and measurement of these objectives is subject to the social and economic attributes of the corporate arena. Significant bodies of intellectual work have approached an assessment of corporate governance from perspectives such as differences in management practices, economic advancements, financial management, as well as regional and country constituents. But little is known about the Islamic perspective on the conceptualization, structure and practice of corporate governance. Research in Corporate and Shari'ah Governance in the Muslim World: Theory and Practice aims to address a critical disciplinary gap between Islamic theory and the practice of the corporate sector in the Muslim World. Adopting a critical approach, the book sheds light on the impact of corporate governance on the economies of the Muslim world. It presents an examination of: Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions The efficiency of the Islamic Jurisprudence system The common conceptual grounds of corporate structure in the Muslim World The composition of business leaders in the Muslim World Using standard tools of analysis, the book presents a logically consistent synthesis of key variables with critical economic reasoning. It extends the conventional scope of corporate governance to form a basis for common understanding of how it operates in the Muslim world. The book will prove useful to those who research, study and practice in this field.

The story of the creation of the devil and his encounter with Adam and Eve. The devil explains why he carried out his wicked deeds in his own words.

The creation of Space as discussed within the Holy Quran. The relationship between the elements, carbon, electrons, photons in the process of creation.

Composted material reduces volume and enriched with plant nutrients as the decomposition progressed with lowering of C: N ratio. Decomposition process in poultry litter ceases in 75-90 days, after that compost stabilizes in its characteristics and becomes usable / safe for crop production. Composting of poultry litter stocked under plastic cover or in the pits gives a better quality product in terms of its nutrient composition and as soil amendment. Similarly, the composted poultry litter has better fertilizer value than the un-composted one, as its application will improves the soil characteristics and crop yields, considerably

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is the most important and commonly associated with tomato crop and is distributed throughout Pakistan. To combat this problem, tomato lines/varieties screened against the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), in relation to epidemiological factors and different plant extracts (A. indica, A. aspera and W. somnifera) were evaluated for their efficacy to manage the disease.The most effective plant extract was A indica at 1% concentration to reduce disease.

The dividends are the compensation, strewed earnings or the capital stock paid out to the shareholders for risk bearing on the investment. The managers are confronted with the challenge in earning's management when arriving at the investment and the dividend decisions. Normally, the investment decision is preferred to the dividend one. Due to the wobbly corporate governance and the weak legal system, the growth is not being transformed properly to the investors. As a result the funds are exploited by the management for its own ends. It is an effort to put some light on the dividend paying behavior of the companies in the developing countries particularly in Pakistan.