The place of Islam in constitutions invites fierce debate from scholars and politicians alike. Many of these debates assume an inherent conflict between constitutional Islam and 'secular' values of liberal democracy and human rights. Using case studies from several Muslim-majority states, this book surveys the history and role of Islam in constitutions. Tracing the origins of constitutional Islam, Dawood Ahmed and Muhammad Zubair Abbasi argue that colonial history and political bargaining were pivotal factors in determining whether a country adopted Islam, and not secularism, in its constitution. Contrary to the common contention that the constitutional incorporation of Islam is generally antithetical to human rights, Ahmed and Abbasi show not only that Islam has been popularly demanded and introduced into constitutions during periods of 'democratization' and 'modernization' but also that constitutional Islamization has frequently been accompanied by an expansion in constitutional human rights.

The place of Islam in constitutions invites fierce debate from scholars and politicians alike. Many of these debates assume an inherent conflict between constitutional Islam and 'secular' values of liberal democracy and human rights. Using case studies from several Muslim-majority states, this book surveys the history and role of Islam in constitutions. Tracing the origins of constitutional Islam, Dawood Ahmed and Muhammad Zubair Abbasi argue that colonial history and political bargaining were pivotal factors in determining whether a country adopted Islam, and not secularism, in its constitution. Contrary to the common contention that the constitutional incorporation of Islam is generally antithetical to human rights, Ahmed and Abbasi show not only that Islam has been popularly demanded and introduced into constitutions during periods of 'democratization' and 'modernization' but also that constitutional Islamization has frequently been accompanied by an expansion in constitutional human rights.

The Mononegavirales is an order of viruses affecting large, small and marine animals and is responsible for diseases including Rinderpest, Rabies and Ebola. This book discusses the epidemiology and control of Mononegaviruses that pose a significant threat to animals in terms of severity and epidemiological risk. The book also addresses viruses with zoonotic potential, and many that can be used as models in the study of infectious disease. With its comprehensive coverage, each chapter is dedicated to a different disease and has been authored by renowned scientists who have made seminal contributions to the field. This prestige reference work is arranged over two volumes: volume 1 pathobiology and molecular diagnosis, and volume 2 molecular epidemiology and control. This broad ranging text covers mononegaviral diseases of livestock, horses, dogs and cats as well as rodents, primates, fish and marine mammals, and will be a valuable reference source for virologists, field veterinarians, infection and molecular biologists as well as immunologists and animal scientists.

This book presents the concept of fractional dimensional space applied to the use of electromagnetic fields and waves. It provides demonstrates the advantages in studying the behavior of electromagnetic fields and waves in fractal media.
The book presents novel fractional space generalization of the differential electromagnetic equations is provided as well as a new form of vector differential operators is formulated in fractional space. Using these modified vector differential operators, the classical Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are worked out. The Laplace's, Poisson's and Helmholtz's equations in fractional space are derived by using modified vector differential operators."