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Phase 1 of this project demonstrated the technical feasibility of
using decentralized stormwater controls in urban areas for
retrofits and controlling combined sewer overflows. This technical
feasibility was illustrated by a number of early adopters using
decentralized controls to complement their existing municipal
stormwater and wastewater infrastructure. However, institutional
and programmatic issues required further study to broaden the use
of a distributed, decentralized stormwater approach. This research
evaluates implementation strategies for incorporating decentralized
controls into an infrastructure management system. The distributed
nature and multiple environmental benefits of decentralized
controls necessitate an integrated and inter-departmental
management approach. The results of this research identify various
implementation strategies for incorporating decentralized controls
into urban infrastructure management programs. Case studies and
programmatic and regulatory examples detail alternatives to
expedite the adoption of decentralized controls. Managing
infrastructure by limiting demand is explored in the context of
distributed controls. In addition, an evaluation of economic
methods appropriate for assessing environmental costs and benefits
is included to more fully capture the financial consideration of
decentralized controls. Guidance for modeling decentralized
controls with commonly used stormwater models is also provided.
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