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As the stock market crash of 1929 plunged the world into turmoil,
two men emerged with competing claims on how to restore balance to
economies gone awry. John Maynard Keynes, the mercurial Cambridge
economist, believed that government had a duty to spend when others
would not. He met his opposite in a little-known Austrian economics
professor, Freidrich Hayek, who considered attempts to intervene
both pointless and potentially dangerous. The battle lines thus
drawn, Keynesian economics would dominate for decades and coincide
with an era of unprecedented prosperity, but conservative
economists and political leaders would eventually embrace and
execute Hayek's contrary vision. From their first face-to-face
encounter to the heated arguments between their ardent disciples,
Nicholas Wapshott here unearths the contemporary relevance of
Keynes and Hayek, as present-day arguments over the virtues of the
free market and government intervention rage with the same ferocity
as they did in the 1930s.
In 1966 two columnists joined Newsweek magazine. Their assignment:
debate the world of business and economics. Paul Samuelson was a
towering figure in Keynesian economics, which supported the
management of the economy along lines prescribed by John Maynard
Keynes's General Theory. Milton Friedman, little known at that time
outside conservative academic circles, championed "monetarism" and
insisted the Federal Reserve maintain tight control over the amount
of money circulating in the economy. In the nimble hands of author
and journalist Nicholas Wapshott, Samuelson and Friedman's
decades-long argument becomes a window through which to view one of
the longest periods of economic turmoil in the United States. As
the soaring economy of the 1950s gave way to decades stalked by
declining prosperity and "stagflation", it was a time when the
theory and practice of economics became the preoccupation of
politicians and the focus of national debate. It is an argument
that continues today.
New details of the remarkable relationship between two leaders who
teamed up to change history.
It's well known that Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher were close
allies and kindred political spirits. During their eight
overlapping years as U.S. president and UK prime minister, they
stood united for free markets, low taxes, and a strong defense
against communism. But just how close they really were will
surprise you.
Nicholas Wapshott finds that the Reagan-Thatcher relationship was
much deeper than an alliance of mutual interests. Drawing on
extensive interviews and hundreds of recently declassified private
letters and telephone calls, he depicts a more complex, intimate,
and occasionally combative relationship than has previously been
revealed.
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