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In this book, a model of long-term interrelationships between
income distribution, population growth and economic development is
developed and estimated from data for 54 countries. The results
indicate that a reduction of income inequality leads to lower
fertility and mortality, to improvedbasic needs satisfaction, and
to lower labour force participation of young and old males and of
females in Asia and Africa. The effect of income distribution on
saving and consumption is found to be negligible. These outcomes
suggest that family planning and health policies in LDCs will show
better results when they are supplemented with policies aimed at
makingthe poor benefit from economic growth. As regards development
policy, the results indicate that a reduction of income inequality
does not impair the formation of physical capital, but enhances the
formation of human capital and lowers the growth rate of the labour
force.
Since the 1980s many developing countries have implemented
macro-economic policy reforms to curb inflation, reduce fiscal
deficits and control foreign debt. The policy instruments used,
such as exchange rate adjustment, budget cuts, trade policy
reforms, public expenditure reviews and privatisation, have
different and sometimes opposite consequences for agricultural land
use. During the same period awareness was growing that
deteriorating soil quality could become a limiting factor to
increase or even sustain agricultural production. As a result, food
availability and even accessibility for large population groups in
developing countries may be jeopardised in the near future.
Recently, quantitative models have made useful contributions to
understanding the impact of economic policy reforms on the
sustainability of land use. They provide a consistent analytical
framework to deal with complex issues such as the direct and
indirect effects of economic, agricultural, environmental and
population policies, the role of market imperfections in
transmitting economic policy signals, and the interactions between
soil quality, agricultural production and household economic
decision making. Different types of models can be distinguished:
bio economic models, focussing on the link between farm household
decisions and the agricultural resource base, household and village
models, examining the impact of the socio-economic environment on
farm household decisions, and more aggregate models, analysing
interactions between sectors and their implications for sustainable
land use."
In Ghana, maize and poultry are essential products for food
security as well as for income generation and poverty reduction.
The markets of these products are sensitive to various
interventions and shocks. In this book we investigate how these
market distortions affect different groups of households in Ghana.
First, we analyze the profitability of maize production in
different regions of Ghana. Net buying households loose
significantly due to higher product prices. In addition, their
production level is likely to decrease due to higher input costs.
Second, we have developed a Multi-Market Model (MMM) for Ghana. We
apply different scenarios dealing with changes in margins, prices,
tariffs and productivity. The strongest impact on poverty reduction
and food security can be achieved by investing in agricultural
productivity. Finally, a case study dealing with the impacts of an
avian flu outbreak in Ghana is conducted. We find that effects on
households are small due to heterogeneous sources of income.
However, the overall effects on the domestic poultry market
especially through the demand shock are harsh and will harm
specialized poultry producers most.
Dragons with Clay Feet? presents state-of-the-art research on the
impact of ongoing and anticipated economic policy and institutional
reforms on agricultural development and sustainable rural resource
in two East-Asian transition (and developing) economies-China and
Vietnam. The contributions to this volume focus on the regional and
sectoral impact of transformational policies, farm household
decision making under a changing economic and institutional
environment, and potential trade-offs between agricultural growth
and sustainable land management in the two countries. The analysis
of household responses to economic policies and changing
institution, and their implications for agricultural production and
sustainable resource use in East-Asian transition economies, is a
relatively new research field. This collection by a group of
Chinese, Vietnamese, and international researchers reflect the
rapid progress that is being made in this important research field.
Dragons with Clay Feet? presents state-of-the-art research on the
impact of ongoing and anticipated economic policy and institutional
reforms on agricultural development and sustainable rural resource
in two East-Asian transition (and developing) economies-China and
Vietnam. The contributions to this volume focus on the regional and
sectoral impact of transformational policies, farm household
decision making under a changing economic and institutional
environment, and potential trade-offs between agricultural growth
and sustainable land management in the two countries. The analysis
of household responses to economic policies and changing
institution, and their implications for agricultural production and
sustainable resource use in East-Asian transition economies, is a
relatively new research field. This collection by a group of
Chinese, Vietnamese, and international researchers reflect the
rapid progress that is being made in this important research field.
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