Diagnosis and Analysis of COVID-19 using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-Based Techniques offers new insights and demonstrates how machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and (Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to diagnose and fight COVID-19 infection. Sections also discuss the challenges we face in using these technologies. Chapters cover pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, and Blockchain /IoT Blockchain technology, examining how AI can be applied as a tool for detection and containment of the spread of COVID-19, and on the socioeconomic and educational post-pandemic impacts of the disease. This is a multidisciplinary resource for those engaged in researching COVID-19 and how emerging technologies are being used as tools for detection, transmission and treatment strategies.

Translational Autoimmunity: Advances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases, Volume Six addresses autoimmune diseases classified under the category of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are heterogeneous groups of disorders in which inflammation affects not only joints, but also tendons, ligaments and bones. This updated release focuses on immunopathogenesis and clinical and laboratory details of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis and Sjogren's syndrome, and will be of interest to researchers, students and clinicians interested in autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatic diseases. From an introduction to rheumatic diseases to diagnostic laboratory tests, and from the microbiota-immunity to cell-based therapies, the bench to bedside approach to rheumatic diseases is the main subject of discussion in this comprehensive resource.

Translational Autoimmunity: Autoimmune Diseases in Different Clinical Settings addresses autoimmunity and associated conditions, such as aging, infectious diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration, psychological disorders, fertility, inflammatory vascular diseases, and interstitial lung diseases. The book addresses sufficiently basic questions on how the immune system is designed to distinguish self from no self and behave such that it's able to maintain self-tolerance, how does it work in infections, and how it elicits an auto-reactive state and develops self-antigens seen in autoimmune conditions. This is followed by an overview on the genetic and clinical aspects of the spectrum of autoimmune diseases which are broadly categorized into two types of organ specific autoimmune diseases and non-organ specific autoimmune diseases (also known as systemic autoimmune diseases).

Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity, Four Volume Set provides new insights into the interactions between bacteria, fungi, parasites and their hosts. Specific areas of interest include host cellular and immune response to microbes, molecular mechanisms of action of beneficial microbes or host-associated microbial communities, microbial pathogenesis, virulence factors, experimental models of infection, host resistance or susceptibility, and the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Comprised of over 200 chapters written and edited by leading experts in the field, this book will serve as a key resource for students, researchers, academics and industry practitioners in the fields of microbiology, immunology, and infectious diseases. More than 100 years after Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur established the microbial etiology of communicable diseases, the field of microbiology is experiencing a second period of rapid growth and expansion, driven by the realization that changes in host-associated microbial communities might be at the root of a broad spectrum of noncommunicable human diseases. These advances follow on the heels of recent progress in high-throughput sequencing technology, which has provided a wealth of information on the human microbiome and its physiological potential.

Asphaltene Deposition Control by Chemical Inhibitors: Theoretical and Practical Prospects is the most advanced reference focused on chemical dispersants and inhibitors from both an experimental and modeling viewpoint. Adequate knowledge of the effective parameters in each treatment method, interactions, mechanisms and economic viewpoints involved in asphaltene treatment are crucial for future development, recovery forecast, and reserve prediction, hence this reference delivers on all these aspects. Sections cover the environmental impacts of asphaltene deposition, prevention methods, and experimental methods, both static and dynamic, to test the effectiveness of inhibitors on restricting asphaltene deposition. Rounding out with modeling methods used to simulate asphaltene-inhibitor interactions and a workflow to select suitable inhibitors by technical, economic and environmental considerations, this book will give today's engineers and researchers the right tool to mitigate formation damage in a sustainably responsible way.

Translational Neuroimmunology: Multiple Sclerosis provides an update on bench to bedside studies on Multiple Sclerosis as an autoimmune disease. Divided into twelve chapters, the book begins with an in-depth introduction to the neuroimmunology and immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. Sections also provide content on genetics and epigenetics, the microbiome, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Finally, various precision treatments are covered. All information is presented in an accessible, practical format, making this volume a valuable resource for immunologists, neurologists and researchers in translational biomedical research.

Translational NeuroImmunology: Neuroinflammation updates on bench to bedside studies on neurological disorders that have immunological etiologies. The book covers neuroimmunology and the principles of autoimmune and autoinflammatory neurological disorders, with multiple sclerosis as the main focus. The immunopathology, genetics and epigenetics, microbiome, diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis will be explained in ten chapters. A chapter also examines distinct aspects of pericytes, with final discussions on the neurologic manifestations, diagnostic approaches and treatments of the various neuroimmune disorders and lessons learned from translational research on non-human primates and zebrafish. All sections are presented in an accessible, practical format, making this volume a valuable resource for immunologists, neurologists and researchers in translational biomedical research.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a type of active cancer immunotherapy. Clinicians, scientists, and researchers working on cancer treatment require evidence-based and up-to-date resources relating to therapeutic cancer vaccines. Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy provides a reference for cancer treatment for clinicians and presents a well-organized resource for determining high-potential research areas. The book considers that this promising modality can be made more feasible as a treatment for cancer. Chapters cover cancer immunology, general approaches to cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, tumor antigens, the strategy of allogeneic and autologous cancer vaccines, personalized vaccines, whole-tumor antigen vaccines, protein and peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, genetic vaccines, candidate cancers for vaccination, obstacles to developing therapeutic cancer vaccines, combination therapy, future perspectives and concluding remarks on therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Cancer is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of death. There is no simple solution for this complex disease, therefore interdisciplinary approaches might help to find solutions to many unanswered questions and challenges about cancer. The rapid flow of interdisciplinary research in cancer during recent years has increased our understanding of the nature of cancers. Such interdisciplinary approaches could be helpful for both the diagnosis and the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. The “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research� series publishes comprehensive volumes on different cancers and presents the most updated and peer-reviewed articles on human cancers. Over the past decade, increased cancer research has greatly improved our understanding of the nature of cancerous cells which has led to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to treat cancers. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers and practitioners working on cell biology, immunology, hematology, biochemistry, genetics, oncology and related fields. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN).

Translational Autoimmunity: Challenges for Autoimmune Diseases, Fifth Edition addresses diagnostic approaches, therapeutic opportunities, and prognostic markers of different autoimmune diseases. This updated volume discusses autotoxicity, systems immunology, the prognostic significance of disease-specific autoantibodies, along with translational research to novel therapeutic policy in autoimmune diseases. From an introduction, to challenges and insights on the systems immunology of infectious and autoimmune diseases, new targets of treatments, and the role of autoantibodies in diagnosis and evolution, this book provides insights on many challenges researchers and clinicians are facing.

Clinical Immunology not only introduces the reader to the human immune system, it also covers immunology from clinical manifestation to therapeutic approaches in a wide range of conditions. Each chapter describes an introduction, the clinical manifestations, the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, lab tests and therapeutic approaches. The book guides clinicians, researchers and students to a better understanding of the matters of immunologic-based diseases that can lead to better decision-making for patients. Because of the growing knowledge regarding the function of immune system in health and disease conditions, clinicians, researchers and students increasingly require an exclusive scientific reference to guide them on matters of immunologic-based diseases. Accordingly, despite the existence of numerous high quality references in basic and cellular/molecular immunology which deeply explain different immunologic mechanisms, there is still a knowledge gap in the field of clinical immunology.

Immunoinformatics of Cancers: Practical Machine Learning Approaches Using R takes a bioinformatics approach to understanding and researching the immunological aspects of malignancies. It details biological and computational principles and the current applications of bioinformatic approaches in the study of human malignancies. Three sections cover the role of immunology in cancers and bioinformatics, including databases and tools, R programming and useful packages, and present the foundations of machine learning. The book then gives practical examples to illuminate the application of immunoinformatics to cancer, along with practical details on how computational and biological approaches can best be integrated. This book provides readers with practical computational knowledge and techniques, including programming, and machine learning, enabling them to understand and pursue the immunological aspects of malignancies.

As the autoimmune diseases could affect different organs, Translational Autoimmunity: Autoimmune Diseases in Different Organs addresses the spectrum of autoimmune diseases. The fourth volume of Translational Immunology Series focuses on clinical and laboratory details of autoimmune diseases which are broadly categorized into two types of organ-specific autoimmune diseases and non-organ specific autoimmune diseases (also known as systemic autoimmune diseases). Autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases, autoimmune neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, as well as autoimmune hepatobiliary diseases, autoimmune renal diseases and autoimmune cutaneous diseases as the subject of discussion in Translational Autoimmunity: Autoimmune Diseases in Different Organs.

Translational Autoimmunity: Etiology of Autoimmune Diseases is the first volume of the Translational Immunology book series. To attain its purpose as a detailed translational step to tackle autoimmunity, this volume sufficiently addresses basic questions on how the immune system is designed to distinguish self from nonself. It discusses the known mechanisms that lead to the maintenance of self-tolerance, presents potential triggers and malfunctions that impede normal immune processes, and demonstrates how the immune system induces an autoreactive state that results in the recognition of self-antigens seen in autoimmune conditions.

Translational Autoimmunity: Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases, Volume Two in the Translational Immunology series, focuses on advances in therapeutic modalities in autoimmune diseases. Efficacy and safety of not only the current biologic therapies, but also novel drug targets are discussed. Therapeutic targeting of B regulatory cells, T regulatory cells, as well as the immunomodulation effects of nanoparticles and organisms are also covered, along with our understanding and future challenges of prognostic significance of treatments in autoimmune diseases.

The rapidity of scientific progress over the last few years guarantees the utility of a new collection of state-of-the-art reviews on the immunology of ageing. The aim of this authoritative book is to summarize current knowledge on the cellular and molecular aspects of the ageing immune system and their clinical relevance. The book is a result of extensive collaboration of more than sixty of the greatest thinkers and scholars in the field, in cooperation with a number of junior colleagues. Immunology of Aging presents the most up-to-date information on the scientific issues addressed by research into ageing of the immune system, providing insights into the effects of this process on susceptibilities to those diseases which are most common among elders. The retrieval strategies used to slow down the decline in the immune system in the elderly are another subject detailed extensively. By providing a broad overview of immunosenescence and its consequences, as well as their potential modulation, this book will fill a gap in a timely manner. It will be of value to all immunologists, whether novice or experienced, as well as geriatricians and epidemiologists.

The “Integrated Science of Global Epidemics� is the new proposed volume of Integrated Science Book series, aiming to publish the results of the most updated ideas and reviews on Global Epidemics. The whole world is suffering from complex problems, border less problems and global solution should  be developed. The Integrated Science of Global Epidemics aims to highlight the combination of different disciplines, including formal sciences, physical-chemical sciences and engineering, biological sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences, to deal with complex problems such as global epidemics. This contributed volume could be used as guidelines for the entire scientific community and policy makers to successfully face these global threats. Chapter 27 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The "THINKING: Bioengineering of Science and Art" is to discuss about philosophical aspects of thinking at the context of Science and Art. External representations provide evidence that the fundamental process of thinking exists in both animal subjects and humans. However, the diversity and complexity of thinking in humans is astonishing because humans have been permitted to integrate scientific accounts into their accounts and create excellent illustrations for the effects of this integration. The book necessarily begins with the origins of human thinking and human thinking into self and others, body, and life. Multiple factors tend to modify the pattern of thinking. They all will come into play by this book that brings thinking into different disciplines: humanities, natural sciences, social sciences, formal sciences, and applied sciences. The thinking demands full processing of information, and therefore, the book considers the economy of thinking as well. The book thoroughly intends to explore thinking beyond the boundaries. Specifically, several chapters are devoted to discipline this exploration either by artistic thinking alone or by art and mathematics-aided engineering of complexities. In this manner, the book models variations on thinking at the individual and systems levels and accumulates a list of solutions, each good for specific scenarios and maximal outcomes.

Integrated Education and Learning aims to discuss novel approaches to offer integrated educational methods. Within the last few years, educational techniques have evolved to favour critical thinking and improve learning skills. This volume links thinking and learning in educational settings and discusses diverse mechanisms that influence this association; including meta-cognitive capacity, memory, cognitive style, conceptual approaches, digitalization, teaching approaches, echoing, and questioning. It embraces this discussion at all levels, from early childhood education to higher education. This book also includes teaching tips for creating a learning environment that cultivates students' creativity and critical thinking on both online platforms and live-in-classroom. The book follows discussing the merits of an integrated educational paradigm that will help develop highly intellectual thinkers and will promote modern values to face current and future challenges. Finally, the book shows a balance between learning and education to enhance creativity, critical thinking and social skills.