Rock masses are initially stressed in their current in situ state of stress and to a lesser natural state. Whether one is interested in the extent on the monitoring of stress change. formation of geological structures (folds, faults, The subject of paleostresses is only briefly intrusions, etc. ), the stability of artificial struc discussed. tures (tunnels, caverns, mines, surface excava The last 30 years have seen a major advance our knowledge and understanding of rock tions, etc. ), or the stability of boreholes, a in the in situ or virgin stress field, stress. A large body of data is now available on knowledge of along with other rock mass properties, is the state of stress in the near surface of the needed in order to predict the response of rock Earth's crust (upper 3-4km of the crust). masses to the disturbance associated with those Various theories have been proposed regarding structures. Stress in rock is usually described the origin of in situ stresses and how gravity, within the context of continuum mechanics. It is tectonics, erosion, lateral straining, rock fabric, defined at a point and is represented by a glaciation and deglaciation, topography, curva second-order Cartesian tensor with six compo ture of the Earth and other active geological nents. Because of its definition, rock stress is an features and processes contribute to the current enigmatic and fictitious quantity creating chal in situ stress field."

Rock masses are initially stressed in their current in situ state of stress and to a lesser natural state. Whether one is interested in the extent on the monitoring of stress change. formation of geological structures (folds, faults, The subject of paleostresses is only briefly intrusions, etc. ), the stability of artificial struc discussed. tures (tunnels, caverns, mines, surface excava The last 30 years have seen a major advance our knowledge and understanding of rock tions, etc. ), or the stability of boreholes, a in the in situ or virgin stress field, stress. A large body of data is now available on knowledge of along with other rock mass properties, is the state of stress in the near surface of the needed in order to predict the response of rock Earth's crust (upper 3-4km of the crust). masses to the disturbance associated with those Various theories have been proposed regarding structures. Stress in rock is usually described the origin of in situ stresses and how gravity, within the context of continuum mechanics. It is tectonics, erosion, lateral straining, rock fabric, defined at a point and is represented by a glaciation and deglaciation, topography, curva second-order Cartesian tensor with six compo ture of the Earth and other active geological nents. Because of its definition, rock stress is an features and processes contribute to the current enigmatic and fictitious quantity creating chal in situ stress field."

Hans Ramberg is working in an area of geology where 60 years are a short, often negligible period of time. This is not so in the lives of men. For us it is a time for evaluating past accomplishments and a time for friends to express their appreciation and admiration. Some universities have become famous for this ability to foster eminent scientists in one or several fields. The success of Cambridge University in physics is a well-known example, but if we ask ourselves whether the success of Oslo University in earth sciences is not equally astonishing, then we see that Hans is yet another example of this process; but it is not the whole story. There were certainly promising prospects when he started his studies in geology: V. M. Goldschmidt had just come back from G6ttingen in Germany and Tom Barth had returned from the Geophysical Laboratory in Washington, D.C. Two leaders in geochemistry and petrology at the same time Hans became a student of Barth, specializing in metamorphic rocks and their problems; but soon the situation changed. Norway was occupied by the Germans and the possibili ties for university studies almost vanished. However, in spite of all difficulties he obtained his Ph.D. in 1946 and began participating in the geological mapping of Greenland. In 1947 he went to the University of Chicago and stayed there until 1961 when he came to his present position in the University of Uppsala, Sweden."