The book addresses the problem of a time-varying unconditional variance of return processes utilizing a spline function. The knots of the spline functions are estimated as free parameters within a joined estimation process together with the parameters of the mean, the conditional variance and the spline function. With the help of this method, the knots are placed in regions where the unconditional variance is not smooth. The results are tested within an extensive simulation study and an empirical study employing the S&P500 index.

Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Surgery is a brand new addition to a trusted revision series for medical undergraduates. This volume includes over 270 SBAs and EMQs covering all the core surgical specialties from orthopaedics to urology. Many questions are illustrated with clinical photographs, scans, and anatomical diagrams. Each question is accompanied by extensive feedback that explains the rationale behind correct and incorrect answers, as well as a star rating system that will help you track your progress. Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Surgery is also fully cross-referenced to the fourth edition of the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery, and references key clinical research and guidelines to help you persue your learning even further. Written by practising surgeons and edited by leading surgical educators and experts in medical assessment to ensure top-quality content, this is the ultimate revision guide to surgery for undergraduates. Ace your Finals with Oxford Assess and Progress!