The Probability Theory of Patterns and Runs has had a long and distinguished history, starting with the work of de Moivre in the 18th century and that of von Mises in the early 1920's, and continuing with the renewal-theoretic results in Feller's classic text An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Volume 1. It is worthwhile to note, in particular, that de Moivre, in the third edition of The Doctrine of Chances (1756, reprinted by Chelsea in 1967, pp. 254-259), provides the generating function for the waiting time for the appearance of k consecutive successes. During the 1940's, statisticians such as Mood, Wolfowitz, David and Mosteller studied the distribution theory, both exact and asymptotic, of run-related statistics, thereby laying the foundation for several exact run tests. In the last two decades or so, the theory has seen an impressive re-emergence, primarily due to important developments in Molecular Biology, but also due to related research thrusts in Reliability Theory, Distribution Theory, Combinatorics, and Statistics.

Pediatric Urology has rapidly developed as a separate subspecialty in the last decade. During this time, significant advances in technology and instrumentation has meant that increasingly more procedures can be performed by the minimally invasive route. However, access to and availability of adequate training facilities and resources continues to hinder surgeons in achieving experience and expertise in the minimally invasive techniques in paediatric urology. Pediatric Endourology Techniques 2nd edition is a fully illustrated text with an accompanying web application which addresses these issues. The aim of this 2nd edition is to enable surgeons to carry out commonly performed minimally invasive pediatric urological procedures. This book has been organised systematically to enable quick reference to the topic of interest. It encompasses not only the majority of commonly performed pediatric endourological procedures in a standardised format but also newer techniques and procedures that have developed since publication of the first edition. A list of specific relevant reading material is given at the end of each chapter. Pediatric Endourology Techniques 2nd Edition is a valuable tool for pediatric urologists as well as pediatric surgeons, general surgeons, adult urologists and those with an interest in minimally invasive surgery.

The Probability Theory of Patterns and Runs has had a long and distinguished history, starting with the work of de Moivre in the 18th century and that of von Mises in the early 1920's, and continuing with the renewal-theoretic results in Feller's classic text An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Volume 1. It is worthwhile to note, in particular, that de Moivre, in the third edition of The Doctrine of Chances (1756, reprinted by Chelsea in 1967, pp. 254-259), provides the generating function for the waiting time for the appearance of k consecutive successes. During the 1940's, statisticians such as Mood, Wolfowitz, David and Mosteller studied the distribution theory, both exact and asymptotic, of run-related statistics, thereby laying the foundation for several exact run tests. In the last two decades or so, the theory has seen an impressive re-emergence, primarily due to important developments in Molecular Biology, but also due to related research thrusts in Reliability Theory, Distribution Theory, Combinatorics, and Statistics.

This work offers an effective problem-solving approach using cases actually encountered in clinical practice!