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Photonics is being labelled by many as the technology for the 21st
century. Because of the structural flexibility both at the
molecular and bulk levels, organic materials are emerging as a very
important class of nonlinear optical materials to be used for
generating necessary nonlinear optical functions for the technology
of photonics. Since the last NATO advanced research workshop on
"Polymers for Nonlinear Optics"held in June 1988, at Nice - Sophia
Antipolis, France. there has been a tremendous growth of interest
worldwide and important development in this field. Significant
progress has been made in theoretical modeling, material
development, experimental studies and device concepts utilizing
organic materials. These important recent developments provided the
rationale for organizing the workshop on "Organic Materials for
Nonlinear Optics and Photonics" which was held in La Rochelle,
France, in August 1990. This proceeding is the outcome of the
workshop held in La Rochelle. The objective of the workshop was to
bring together scientists and engineers of varied backgrounds
working in this field in order to assess the current status of this
field by presenting significant recent developments and make
recommendations on future directions of research. The workshop was
multidisciplinary as it had contributions from chemists,
physicists, materials scientists and device engineers. The
participants were both from industries and universities. The
workshop included plenary lectures by leading international
scientists in this field, contributed research papers and a poster
session. Panel discussion groups were organized to summarize
important developments and to project future directions.
Photonics, the counterpart of electronics, involves the usage of
Photons instead of electrons to process information and perform
various switching operations. Photonics is projected to be the
technology of the future because of the gain in speed, processing
and interconnectivity of network. Nonlinear optical processes will
play the key role in photonics Where they can be used for frequency
conversion, optical switching and modulation. Organic molecules and
polymers have emerged as a new class of highly promising nonlinear
optical materials Which has captured the attention of scientists
world wide. The organic systems offer the advantage of large
nonresonant nonlinearities derived from the 1T electrons
contribution, femtosecond response time and the flexibility to
modify their molecular structures. In addition, organic polymers
can easily be fabricated in various device structures compatible
with the fiber-optics communication system. The area of nonlinear
optics of organic molecules and polymers offers exciting
opportunities for both fundamental research and technologic
development. It is truly an interdisciplinary area. This proceeding
is the outcome of the first NATO Advanced Research WOrkshop in this
highly important area. The objective of the workshop was to provide
a forum for scientists of varying background from both universities
and industries to come together and interface their expertize. The
scope of the workshop was multidisciplinary with active
participations from Chemists, physicists, engineers and materials
scientists from many countries.
This book provides a comprehensive tutorial on similarity
operators. The authors systematically survey the set of similarity
operators, primarily focusing on their semantics, while also
touching upon mechanisms for processing them effectively. The book
starts off by providing introductory material on similarity search
systems, highlighting the central role of similarity operators in
such systems. This is followed by a systematic categorized overview
of the variety of similarity operators that have been proposed in
literature over the last two decades, including advanced operators
such as RkNN, Reverse k-Ranks, Skyline k-Groups and K-N-Match.
Since indexing is a core technology in the practical implementation
of similarity operators, various indexing mechanisms are
summarized. Finally, current research challenges are outlined, so
as to enable interested readers to identify potential directions
for future investigations. In summary, this book offers a
comprehensive overview of the field of similarity search operators,
allowing readers to understand the area of similarity operators as
it stands today, and in addition providing them with the background
needed to understand recent novel approaches.
Photonics is being labelled by many as the technology for the 21st
century. Because of the structural flexibility both at the
molecular and bulk levels, organic materials are emerging as a very
important class of nonlinear optical materials to be used for
generating necessary nonlinear optical functions for the technology
of photonics. Since the last NATO advanced research workshop on
"Polymers for Nonlinear Optics"held in June 1988, at Nice - Sophia
Antipolis, France. there has been a tremendous growth of interest
worldwide and important development in this field. Significant
progress has been made in theoretical modeling, material
development, experimental studies and device concepts utilizing
organic materials. These important recent developments provided the
rationale for organizing the workshop on "Organic Materials for
Nonlinear Optics and Photonics" which was held in La Rochelle,
France, in August 1990. This proceeding is the outcome of the
workshop held in La Rochelle. The objective of the workshop was to
bring together scientists and engineers of varied backgrounds
working in this field in order to assess the current status of this
field by presenting significant recent developments and make
recommendations on future directions of research. The workshop was
multidisciplinary as it had contributions from chemists,
physicists, materials scientists and device engineers. The
participants were both from industries and universities. The
workshop included plenary lectures by leading international
scientists in this field, contributed research papers and a poster
session. Panel discussion groups were organized to summarize
important developments and to project future directions.
Surface Mount Technology is not a technology of tommorrow but a
technology of today. It provides a quantum jump in the packaging
tech nology to produce state-of-the-art miniaturized electronic
products. How ever, in order to take advantage of this technology,
a complete infrastruc ture must be put in place. This requires
considerable investment in human and capital resources. Intel
corporation has made these investments to keep its customers for
components and systems on the leading edge of technology. Based on
the experience of putting this infrastructure in place for system
products, this book is written for managers who need to manage the
risk during its implementation, and the practicing engineers who
need to improve the design and manufacturing processes for improved
yield and cost reduction. To accomplish this task, I have not only
culled the infor mation from published materials, but have also
depended on input from both my colleagues in Intel and such outside
organizations as the Institute of interconnecting and Packaging
electronic Circuits (IPC), the Electronics Industries Association
(EIA), and the Surface Mount Council. But the underlying basis for
this book has been my first-hand experience in im plementing this
technology for Intel Systems Group and my experience at Boeing, my
previous employer. In a fast-changing technology like SMT, it is
very easy to have obsolete information even before the book is
published. For this reason, I have concentrated on the basic
principles and practice of the technology."
Photonics, the counterpart of electronics, involves the usage of
Photons instead of electrons to process information and perform
various switching operations. Photonics is projected to be the
technology of the future because of the gain in speed, processing
and interconnectivity of network. Nonlinear optical processes will
play the key role in photonics Where they can be used for frequency
conversion, optical switching and modulation. Organic molecules and
polymers have emerged as a new class of highly promising nonlinear
optical materials Which has captured the attention of scientists
world wide. The organic systems offer the advantage of large
nonresonant nonlinearities derived from the 1T electrons
contribution, femtosecond response time and the flexibility to
modify their molecular structures. In addition, organic polymers
can easily be fabricated in various device structures compatible
with the fiber-optics communication system. The area of nonlinear
optics of organic molecules and polymers offers exciting
opportunities for both fundamental research and technologic
development. It is truly an interdisciplinary area. This proceeding
is the outcome of the first NATO Advanced Research WOrkshop in this
highly important area. The objective of the workshop was to provide
a forum for scientists of varying background from both universities
and industries to come together and interface their expertize. The
scope of the workshop was multidisciplinary with active
participations from Chemists, physicists, engineers and materials
scientists from many countries.
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