In recent years, work on the medieval English peasant has tended to stress the degree of interaction between the village and the world beyond its bounds. This book not only provides an overview of this research, but also develops this approach. Phillipp R. Schofield describes the traditional world of the peasant - with attention given to such issues as relations between lord and tenant, and the nature of the peasant family - and places the peasantry of the late middle ages within the wider political, legal, ecclesiastical, and commercial world of the medieval community.

This eleventh volume of Bentham's Correspondence contains nearly three hundred letters, and covers the period from January 1822 to June 1824. The letters, most of which have never before been published, have been collected from archives, private and official, as far afield as Athens and Bogota, as well as from the collections of Bentham Papers at University College London and the British Library. By the early 1820s Bentham had acquired an international reputation, and corresponded with leading figures in Europe, the United States of America, and many of the newly independent states of Central and South America. His correspondents included such notable figures as Simon Bolivar, the Liberator of South America; Jean Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti; Jose da Silva Carvalho, Minister of Justice in Portugal; Etienne Dumont, Bentham's Genevan editor; Bernardino Rivadavia, first President of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata; Jean Baptiste Say, the economist; and members of the provisional government of Greece. Bentham also corresponded with numerous public figures and personal friends in Britain, including Edward Blaquiere, James Silk Buckingham, Richard Carlile, John Cartwright, Rowland and Matthew Davenport Hill, James Mill, Samuel Parr, Francis Place, Leicester Stanhope, and Frances Wright. As well as covering such matters as the launch of the Westminster Review, and his first plan for the Auto-Icon, the volume testifies to the growing importance to Bentham of his writings on codification. Having received news that the Portuguese Cortes had accepted his offer to draw up a complete code of laws, he began to draft material for his Constitutional Code. He became involved in promoting constitutional reform in Tripoli and Greece, and was extensively involved in the negotiations surrounding the Greek Loan raised in London in 1824.

Nurses are playing an increasingly important part in the multidisciplinary team caring for those with chronic pain and this book will raise awareness among nurses of the contribution that they make to those in their care. It provides a resource that explains the mechanisms that cause chronic pain, the impact this pain has on the patient and their family, and the approaches that can be used effectively to help patients come to terms with ongoing pain.

The contributors are all leading nurse specialists in the field, and topics covered include the effects of nutrition on pain, massage, acupuncture, pain in older people and a discussion of the developing role of nurses in this important clinical area.

In recent years, work on the medieval English peasant has tended to stress the degree of interaction between the village and the world beyond its bounds. This book not only provides an overview of this research, but also develops this approach. Phillipp R. Schofield describes the traditional world of the peasant - with attention given to such issues as relations between lord and tenant, and the nature of the peasant family - and places the peasantry of the late middle ages within the wider political, legal, ecclesiastical, and commercial world of the medieval community.

This book will enable readers to understand the principles underpinning the management of pain which a particular emphasis upon the care of the older adult. The chapters will explore concepts that are recognised to be involved in the pain experience but each author will then add their own unique perspective by applying the principles to their specialist area of practice and the care of the older adult. It is structured to include the aims and outcomes of the chapter at the beginning so that readers can track their progress, and provides chapter outlines and further reading suggestions foir this unique topic area.