This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, CONTEXT 2013, held in Annecy, France, in October/November 2013. The 23 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. In addition the book contains two keynote speeches and 9 poster papers. They cover cutting-edge results from the wide range of disciplines concerned with context, including: Cognitive Sciences (Linguistics, Psychology, Computer Science, Neuroscience), and computer science (artificial intelligence, logics, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, context-awareness systems), and the Social Sciences and Organizational Sciences, as well as the Humanities and all application areas, including Medicine and Law.

The refereed proceedings of the 4th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, CONTEXT 2003, held in Stanford, CA, USA in June 2003. The 31 full papers and 15 short papers presented were carefully reviewed, selected, and revised for inclusion in the book. The papers presented deal with the interdisciplinary topic of modeling and using context from various points of view, ranging through cognitive science, formal logic, artifical intelligence, computational intelligence, philosophical and psychological aspects, and information processing. Highly general philosophical and theoretical issues are complemented by specific applications in various fields.

This modern, advanced textbook reviews modal logic, a field which caught the attention of computer scientists in the late 1970's. The development is mathematical; prior acquaintance with first-order logic and its semantics is assumed, and familiarity with the basic mathematical notions of set theory is required. The authors focus on the use of modal languages as tools to analyze the properties of relational structures, including their algorithmic and algebraic aspects. Applications to issues in logic and computer science such as completeness, computability and complexity are considered.

This LNCS book is part of the FOLLI book series and constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2019, held in Chongqing, China, in October 2019. The 31 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. They focus on the following topics: agency; argumentation and agreement; belief revision and belief merging; belief representation; cooperation; decision making and planning; natural language; philosophy and philosophical logic; and strategic reasoning.

How can computers distinguish the coherent from the unintelligible, recognize new information in a sentence, or draw inferences from a natural language passage? Computational semantics is an exciting new field that seeks answers to these questions, and this volume is the first textbook wholly devoted to this growing sub discipline. The book explains the underlying theoretical issues and fundamental techniques for computing semantic representations for fragments of natural language. This volume will be an essential text for computer scientists, linguists, and anyone interested in the development of computational semantics.

Cupid Missed is the story of a breakup, told from a man's perspective. Matthew is crushed when he returns home from work one night to find that his girlfriend, Kate, has moved out. He hadn't seen it coming, and he isn't handling it very well. His friends tell him to "Go out, get laid, and get over it," but he finds the advice easier said than done. When he's not concocting far-fetched schemes to get Kate back, Matthew is making terrible decisions at home and at work. He realizes the need to make changes in his life, but it seems he's more interested in doing things that only prolong the agony. Finally, in a desperate attempt to regain control of his life, Matthew quits his job and jumps on a plane to Europe for a pilgrimage of self-discovery. The result, according to author Ruth Francisco, is a "Dantesque journey to recovery (that) sends him on a hilarious journey into the sordid dens of debauchery in Amsterdam and Ibiza, where a guru in the guise of an Ecstasy-addled English girl teaches him life's lessons." While it's clear that Cupid's first arrow has hit Matthew squarely in the chest, the second arrow, meant for Kate, has missed wide right. Cupid Missed wryly explores the before and after of a relationship gone bad, and the steps, and missteps, Matthew takes to get over Kate.

Prolog est un langage de programmation tout a fait original. -Prolog- est l'abreviation de -Programmation logique-, et le lien qu'il entretient avec la logique est ce qui lui donne sa specificite. Au coeur de Prolog, reside une idee surprenante: ne pas dire a l'ordinateur ce qu'il doit faire, mais lui decrire des situations, et lui faire faire des calculs en lui posant des questions. Prolog deduira alors logiquement de nouveaux faits concernant les situations, et donnera en reponse ses deductions. Pourquoi apprendre Prolog ? Tout d'abord, l'aspect -dis-moi quel est ton probleme au lieu de me dire comment le resoudre- de son approche en fait un langage de tres haut niveau, adapte aux applications riches en connaissances comme l'intelligence artificielle, la linguistique informatique, ou le web semantique. En etudiant Prolog, on arrive a une meilleure comprehension de la facon dont des taches sophistiquees peuvent etre effectuees informatiquement. De plus, Prolog demande un etat d'esprit different: il nous apprend a penser declarativement au lieu de proceduralement. Acquerir cette facon de reflechir et apprendre a apprecier les liens entre la logique et la programmation font de l'apprentissage de Prolog a la fois un challenge et une recompense. Prolog tout de suite est une traduction de Learn Prolog Now ). Gratuitement accessible en ligne depuis 2001 (www.learnprolognow.org), le texte anglais est devenu l'une des introductions a la programmation en Prolog les plus populaires, grace a sa clarte et son approche resolument concrete. Il est tres largement utilise comme manuel dans les universites du monde entier, et encore plus largement comme support d'auto-formation. College publications est fier de proposer la traduction francaise de ce classique du web. Preparee avec soin, et grace aux remarques des lecteurs de la version anglaise, cette traduction ne presente que les implantations de Prolog compatibles avec la norme ISO. Elle presente aussi le systeme de modules de Prolog, et fournit toutes les reponses aux exercices. Que vous appreniez Prolog pour elargir votre comprehension de la logique et de l'informatique, ou pour vous ouvrir les portes de la riche litterature sur Prolog et le Traitement Automatique des Langues, vous trouverez certainement ici tout ce que vous souhaitiez pour apprendre Prolog... tout de suite

With the rise of the internet and the proliferation of technology to gather and organize data, our era has been defined as "the information age." With the prominence of information as a research concept, there has arisen an increasing appreciation of the intertwined nature of fields such as logic, linguistics, and computer science that answer the questions about information and the ways it can be processed. The many research traditions do not agree about the exact nature of information. By bringing together ideas from diverse perspectives, this book presents the emerging consensus about what a conclusive theory of information should be. The book provides an introduction to the topic, work on the underlying ideas, and technical research that pins down the richer notions of information from a mathematical point of view.
The book contains contributions to a general theory of information, while also tackling specific problems from artificial intelligence, formal semantics, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind. There is focus on the dynamics of information flow, and also a consideration of static approaches to information content; both quantitative and qualitative approaches are represented.

The papers in this book apply mathematical and logical methods to the description of linguistic structures. Such descriptions are useful for a variety of purposes. For example, they make it easier to design and debug software for dealing with human languages. The purpose of the volume is to introduce a number of new and better methods for describing linguistic structures. The volume contains contributions on the logical foundations of current syntactic theories, as well as on logical methods that lead to new ways of describing syntactic structures.