Since the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, several arbitral tribunals have rendered awards dealing with claims of breach of Article 1105. Some of these awards have been very controversial and have had a tremendous impact on the development of the concept of fair and equitable treatment (FET) and the evolution of international investment law. Yet, in spite of the fundamental importance of these awards, no comprehensive study had been undertaken to determine the meaning and the content of the FET standard under NAFTA Article 1105. This book's systematic analysis of the provision and its case law fills this analytical gap. Because Article 1105 is in many ways different from typical FET clauses contained within most investment treaties, the author examines the particular parameters under which it must be interpreted. He also analyzes how these specific features have influenced NAFTA tribunals' interpretation of the provision, and how their assessments differ from awards rendered by other tribunals outside NAFTA. Among the issues treated in the course of the analysis are the following: ? the origin, development, nature and content of the concept of the 'minimum standard of treatment' and its interaction with the FET standard; ? the specific parameters under which Article 1105 must be interpreted, including contextual elements such as subsequent agreement and practice between the NAFTA Parties on matters of interpretation;

A Guide to State Succession in International Investment Law is the first work of its kind to provide a comprehensive analysis of State succession issues arising in the context of international investment law. The book examines the legal consequences in the field of investor-State arbitration arising from the disappearance or the creation of a State, or from a transfer of territory between States. Specifically, it analyses whether a successor State is bound by the investment treaties (bilateral and multilateral) and the State contracts which had been signed by the predecessor State before the event of succession. Key features include:? Much-needed examination of the practice of States in the context of succession to bilateral, multilateral treaties and State contracts? comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of international arbitration cases involving issues of State succession? practical guidance on the application of Rules of State succession in investment arbitration cases, including when succession occurs during arbitral proceedings ? assessment of the theoretical reasoning behind previously unexplored issues in State succession. Actors who are called upon to apply Rules of State succession in investment arbitration cases will find this book a valuable source of practical guidance. Researchers in the field of international investment law will also find this to be a compelling text, with strong theoretical foundations.

General principles of law play an important role in investment arbitraion and can be applied by a tribunal when no treaty provision or rule of customary international law exists regarding a particular issue. They can be used in traditional means, such as the interpretation of vague treaty terms, or for wider reaching issues emerging from the international legal order. Following a significant increase in references to the general principles of law by Investor-State tribunals questions have been raised around the meaning and function of these principles. Written by an expert in the field this book offers clear and comprehensive guidelins to better understand the nature, meaning, and function of general principles of law in the field of international investment law. Applying these principles to practice, this book assesses 17 concepts and notions in the field of investment arbitration, providing counsel and arbitrators with clear guidance on what should, and should not, be considered a general principle of law.

Rules of customary international law provide basic legal protections to foreign investors doing business abroad. These rules remain of fundamental importance today despite the growing number of investment treaties containing substantive investment protection. In this book, Patrick Dumberry provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of custom in the field of international investment law. He analyses two fundamental questions: how customary rules are created in this field and how they can be identified. The book examines the types of manifestation of state practice which should be considered as relevant evidence for the formation of customary rules, and to what extent they are different from those existing under general international law. The book also analyses the concept of states' opinio juris in investment arbitration. Offering guidance to actors called upon to apply customary rules in concrete cases, this book will be of significant importance to those involved in investment arbitration.

Marcelo Kohen and Patrick Dumberry explore in an article-by-article commentary the Resolution adopted in 2015 by the Institute of International Law, on state succession in matters of state responsibility. They analyse the content and scope of application of each provision based on a comprehensive survey of existing state practice and judicial decisions (both domestic and international), as well as taking into account the works of scholars and that of the ILC Special Rapporteur in his proposed Draft Articles on the same topic. This book explains the rationale and the reasons behind why the Institute adopted specific solutions to address particular problems of succession to responsibility for each provision, including the need to achieve a fair outcome given the specific circumstances and relevant factors for each case.

This book analyses all relevant questions of State responsibility and attribution arising from the conduct of rebels and governments in the context of civil wars and rebellions aiming at the establishment of a new government or the creation of a new State. Based on a comprehensive analysis of both old and recent State practice, and case law, including investment awards, as well as the works of scholars and the International Law Commission, the book identifies ten basic rules which can be used by States and international tribunals. It explains the history, content and scope of application of the specific solutions adopted in Article 10 of the International Law Commission Articles on State responsibility to address particular problems. The book also critically revisits some of the solutions that have been put forward by tribunals and scholars, and examines a number of questions which have never been addressed by them before.

Rules of customary international law provide basic legal protections to foreign investors doing business abroad. These rules remain of fundamental importance today despite the growing number of investment treaties containing substantive investment protection. In this book, Patrick Dumberry provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of custom in the field of international investment law. He analyses two fundamental questions: how customary rules are created in this field and how they can be identified. The book examines the types of manifestation of state practice which should be considered as relevant evidence for the formation of customary rules, and to what extent they are different from those existing under general international law. The book also analyses the concept of states' opinio juris in investment arbitration. Offering guidance to actors called upon to apply customary rules in concrete cases, this book will be of significant importance to those involved in investment arbitration.

Marcelo Kohen and Patrick Dumberry explore in an article-by-article commentary the Resolution adopted in 2015 by the Institute of International Law, on state succession in matters of state responsibility. They analyse the content and scope of application of each provision based on a comprehensive survey of existing state practice and judicial decisions (both domestic and international), as well as taking into account the works of scholars and that of the ILC Special Rapporteur in his proposed Draft Articles on the same topic. This book explains the rationale and the reasons behind why the Institute adopted specific solutions to address particular problems of succession to responsibility for each provision, including the need to achieve a fair outcome given the specific circumstances and relevant factors for each case.