In this study, the author shows that, under the influence of the popular geography of the eighteenth century, an increasing number of literary works began to make use of actual topographical data. Two of these works even make use of maps. He demonstrates that the kinship between geographical and literary representations of topography went further: they underwent parallel developments. His analyses of the different types of geographical representations of space that appeared in the course of the century allow him to explore the worldviews they embody, the new and often conflicting attitudes to space that they reveal, and the connections these representations have with the evolution of the contemporary notions of motion and mobility. The author underlines the role these topographical representations played in the nascent realism of the novel and the new life they breathed into poetry. His study is also a contribution to the discussion of the important changes that occurred in the way people thought about and lived space, many of which announce our time.

Charles Peirce, the founder of pragmatism, was a thinker of extraordinary depth and range - he wrote on philosophy, mathematics, psychology, physics, logic, phenomenology, semiotics, religion and ethics - but his writings are difficult and fragmentary. This book provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of Peirce's thought. His philosophy is presented as a systematic response to 'nominalism', the philosophy which he most despised and which he regarded as the underpinning of the dominant philosophical worldview of his time. The book explains Peirce's challenge to nominalism as a theory of meaning and shows its implications for his views of knowledge, truth, the nature of reality, and ethics. It will be essential reading both for Peirce scholars and for those new to his work.

Charles Peirce, the founder of pragmatism, was a thinker of extraordinary depth and range - he wrote on philosophy, mathematics, psychology, physics, logic, phenomenology, semiotics, religion and ethics - but his writings are difficult and fragmentary. This book provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of Peirce's thought. His philosophy is presented as a systematic response to 'nominalism', the philosophy which he most despised and which he regarded as the underpinning of the dominant philosophical worldview of his time. The book explains Peirce's challenge to nominalism as a theory of meaning and shows its implications for his views of knowledge, truth, the nature of reality, and ethics. It will be essential reading both for Peirce scholars and for those new to his work.

Harrogate's reputation as a quaint English spa town has been established since the early 1800s. However, one might be surprised to discover that the town and villages around it hide many terrifying tales. It took paranormalist Paul Forster over a year to collate this collection of real-life encounters with spirits, poltergeists and ghosts. Nothing could prepare him for what he uncovered as he explored the darker, mysterious side of this beautiful tourist destination. Drawing on historical and contemporary sources, Haunted Harrogate's chilling compendium of ghost stories includes accounts never before seen in print. From poltergeists in Harrogate's oldest drinking establishment to apparitions of monks in Knaresborough, this assortment of terrifying tales is bound to show this picturesque part of North Yorkshire in a new light. "When you have eliminated all which is impossible, then whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth". Sir Arthur Conan Doyle "Now it is the time of night, That the graves, all gaping wide, Every one lets forth his sprite, In the church-way paths to glide." William Shakespeare, 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' "The city man is not in sympathy with ghosts. Not so the mountaineer, peasant and sailor. Strange shapes which give signs are seen in clouds. Dim forms move over forest floors. They tread lightly along the brink of precipice and marsh, beckon the traveller into perils or give him warning. Dark and airy figures walk moors and plains or lonely shores. They go again through some happening on land; they re-enact a fateful drama of the seas. The man of the city unaccustomed to such ghost tales, laughs at them; he knows they cannot be true. Yet disbelief and ridicule by many such, have given place to firm conviction and awe, after visiting haunts where environment favours the appearance of ghosts." H. W. PERCIVAL

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), the founder of Pragmatism, was an American philosopher, logician, physicist, and mathematician. Since the publication of his collected papers in 1931, interest in Peirce has grown dramatically. His work has found audiences in such disciplines as philosophy, computer science, logic, film studies, semiotics, and literary criticism. While Peirce scholarship has advanced considerably since its earliest days, many controversies of interpretation persist, and several of the more obscure aspects of his work remain poorly understood.

The Rule of Reason is a collection of original essays examining Peirce's thought by some of the best-known scholars in the field. The contributors investigate outstanding issues and difficulties in his philosophy and situate his views in both their historical and their contemporary contexts. Some of the essays clarify aspects of Peirce's philosophy, some defend its contemporary significance, and some do both. The essays explore Peirce's work from various perspectives, considering the philosophical significance of his contributions to logic; the foundations of his philosophical system; his metaphysics and cosmology; his theories of inquiry and truth; and his theories of mind, agency, and selfhood.