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The product of 20 years of research, this book covers topics in
soft tissue elasticity in vivo, from measurement techniques to
clinical applications. It provides, for the first time, a single
source that systematically introduces the various techniques for in
vivo measurement of soft tissue elasticity in an effort to ease the
difficulty between learning technical details and clinical
applications of techniques. Measurement of Soft Tissue Elasticity
in Vivo: Techniques and Applications presents an overview of the
existing measurement methods, their physical principles,
assumptions, advantages, and disadvantages. Clinical applications
discussed include assessment of tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy,
articular cartilage degeneration, muscle contraction, cancer
staging, liver fibrosis progression, diabetic foot ulceration,
cornea stiffening, and wound healing. Techniques covered include
shear wave propagation methods, vibro-ultrasound methods, dynamic
holography, ultrasound and other indentation methods, and OCT-based
and other suction measurement methods. The book also proposes two
critical directions for future research in the field. One is to
standardize the terms, parameters, and test protocols used in
different fields. The second proposal is to standardize one
technique to dominate the field, while devices can be adapted to
fit the measuring requirements of different tissues. In doing so,
the results obtained for the same tissue by different clinicians
can be comparable and a standardized protocol can be established.
This book bridges the gap between the complexity of measuring
techniques and simplicity and accuracy of their clinical use. Its
comprehensiveness and clarity help new engineers in the field
develop analytical methods and allow clinicians to use these
techniques in their practice with greater confidence.
This book summarizes the recent advancements for drug delivery
systems (DDS) in terms of fundamental principles, rapidly emerging
techniques and developing frontiers of molecular imprinting.
Especially with the combination of enantioselective molecularly
imprinted polymers and water compatible molecularly imprinted
polymers, stimuli responsive imprinted DDS have been innovated and
applied to dermal delivery, ophthalmic drugs and cancer treatment.
This philosophy comprehensively revolutionizes the treatment
strategy of human healthcare and provides the possibility to
re-trigger in vivo an exhaust system after the complete release of
the starting drug cargo, thus enabling precision medicine. To this
end, the following unique features will be discussed and concluded:
1) State-of-the-art definition of MIP as drug delivery systems. 2)
Advanced techniques and clinical applications of MIP as drug
delivery systems in the past decade. 3) Novel frontiers and
brand-new technologies, for example, drug delivery devices for
zero-order sustained release and stimuli responsive imprinted DDS.
4) Revolutionary impact on dermal delivery, ophthalmic drugs and
cancer treatment. 5) Future challenges and perspectives
This book highlights a comprehensive introduction to the
fundamental statistical mechanics underneath the inner workings of
neural networks. The book discusses in details important concepts
and techniques including the cavity method, the mean-field theory,
replica techniques, the Nishimori condition, variational methods,
the dynamical mean-field theory, unsupervised learning, associative
memory models, perceptron models, the chaos theory of recurrent
neural networks, and eigen-spectrums of neural networks, walking
new learners through the theories and must-have skillsets to
understand and use neural networks. The book focuses on
quantitative frameworks of neural network models where the
underlying mechanisms can be precisely isolated by physics of
mathematical beauty and theoretical predictions. It is a good
reference for students, researchers, and practitioners in the area
of neural networks.
This book summarizes the recent advancements for drug delivery
systems (DDS) in terms of fundamental principles, rapidly emerging
techniques and developing frontiers of molecular imprinting.
Especially with the combination of enantioselective molecularly
imprinted polymers and water compatible molecularly imprinted
polymers, stimuli responsive imprinted DDS have been innovated and
applied to dermal delivery, ophthalmic drugs and cancer treatment.
This philosophy comprehensively revolutionizes the treatment
strategy of human healthcare and provides the possibility to
re-trigger in vivo an exhaust system after the complete release of
the starting drug cargo, thus enabling precision medicine. To this
end, the following unique features will be discussed and concluded:
1) State-of-the-art definition of MIP as drug delivery systems. 2)
Advanced techniques and clinical applications of MIP as drug
delivery systems in the past decade. 3) Novel frontiers and
brand-new technologies, for example, drug delivery devices for
zero-order sustained release and stimuli responsive imprinted DDS.
4) Revolutionary impact on dermal delivery, ophthalmic drugs and
cancer treatment. 5) Future challenges and perspectives
This book is a selected collection of 54 peer-reviewed original
scientific research papers of the 5th International Conference on
Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD2020) organised
in Vietnam in 2020. It highlights the importance of sustainability
as well as promotes up-to-date innovation and research for green
development in technologies, economics and education among
countries. The conference provides an international platform for
researchers, practitioners, policymakers and entrepreneurs to
present their advances, knowledge and experience on various
interdisciplinary topics related to the theme of "Green technology
and sustainable development in industrial revolution 4.0". The book
is a valuable resource for researchers, analysts, engineers,
practitioners and policymakers who are interested in the latest
findings in artificial intelligence, cyber systems, robotics, green
energy and power systems, mechanical and computational mechanic
models and advanced civil engineering. This book has 05 sessions
consisting of both theoretical and practical aspects, and numerical
and experimental analyses in various engineering disciplines.
This book focuses on theoretical thermotics, the theory of
transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active
control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems,
which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising
the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of
macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. The book covers
the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to
understand thermal problems extensively investigated in physics,
but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The
analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied
with computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This book
serves both as a reference work for senior researchers and a study
text for zero beginners.
Experimental Econophysics describes the method of controlled human
experiments, which is developed by physicists to study some
problems in economics or finance, namely, stylized facts,
fluctuation phenomena, herd behavior, contrarian behavior, hedge
behavior, cooperation, business cycles, partial information, risk
management, and stock prediction. Experimental econophysics
together with empirical econophysics are two branches of the field
of econophysics. The latter one has been extensively discussed in
the existing books, while the former one has been seldom touched.
In this book, the author will focus on the branch of experimental
econophysics. Empirical econophysics is based on the analysis of
data in real markets by using some statistical tools borrowed from
traditional statistical physics. Differently, inspired by the role
of controlled experiments and system modelling (for computer
simulations and/or analytical theory) in developing modern physics,
experimental econophysics specially relies on controlled human
experiments in the laboratory (producing data for analysis)
together with agent-based modelling (for computer simulations
and/or analytical theory), with an aim at revealing the general
cause-effect relationship between specific parameters and emergent
properties of real economic/financial markets. This book covers the
basic concepts, experimental methods, modelling approaches, and
latest progress in the field of experimental econophysics.
Experimental Econophysics describes the method of controlled human
experiments, which is developed by physicists to study some
problems in economics or finance, namely, stylized facts,
fluctuation phenomena, herd behavior, contrarian behavior, hedge
behavior, cooperation, business cycles, partial information, risk
management, and stock prediction. Experimental econophysics
together with empirical econophysics are two branches of the field
of econophysics. The latter one has been extensively discussed in
the existing books, while the former one has been seldom touched.
In this book, the author will focus on the branch of experimental
econophysics. Empirical econophysics is based on the analysis of
data in real markets by using some statistical tools borrowed from
traditional statistical physics. Differently, inspired by the role
of controlled experiments and system modelling (for computer
simulations and/or analytical theory) in developing modern physics,
experimental econophysics specially relies on controlled human
experiments in the laboratory (producing data for analysis)
together with agent-based modelling (for computer simulations
and/or analytical theory), with an aim at revealing the general
cause-effect relationship between specific parameters and emergent
properties of real economic/financial markets. This book covers the
basic concepts, experimental methods, modelling approaches, and
latest progress in the field of experimental econophysics.
This book provides a broad introduction to all major aspects of
quantum dot properties including fluorescence, electrochemical,
photochemical and electroluminescence. Such properties have been
produced for applications in biosensing, cell tracking, in vivo
animal imaging and so on. It focuses on their special applications
in DNA biosensing and provides readers with detailed information on
the preparation and functionalization of quantum dots and the
fabrication of DNA biosensors, using examples to show how these
properties can be used in DNA biosensor design and the advantages
of quantum dots in DNA biosensing. Further new emerging quantum
dots such as metal nanoclusters and graphene dots and their
applications in DNA biosensing have also been included.
Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and often fatal subtype of stroke.
while in the past it has received relatively little attention
compared to ischemic stroke, there have been major advances in our
understanding of this devastating form of stroke. The papers by
world experts cover the field from molecular biology to clinical
trials.
The product of 20 years of research, this book covers topics in
soft tissue elasticity in vivo, from measurement techniques to
clinical applications. It provides, for the first time, a single
source that systematically introduces the various techniques for in
vivo measurement of soft tissue elasticity in an effort to ease the
difficulty between learning technical details and clinical
applications of techniques. Measurement of Soft Tissue Elasticity
in Vivo: Techniques and Applications presents an overview of the
existing measurement methods, their physical principles,
assumptions, advantages, and disadvantages. Clinical applications
discussed include assessment of tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy,
articular cartilage degeneration, muscle contraction, cancer
staging, liver fibrosis progression, diabetic foot ulceration,
cornea stiffening, and wound healing. Techniques covered include
shear wave propagation methods, vibro-ultrasound methods, dynamic
holography, ultrasound and other indentation methods, and OCT-based
and other suction measurement methods. The book also proposes two
critical directions for future research in the field. One is to
standardize the terms, parameters, and test protocols used in
different fields. The second proposal is to standardize one
technique to dominate the field, while devices can be adapted to
fit the measuring requirements of different tissues. In doing so,
the results obtained for the same tissue by different clinicians
can be comparable and a standardized protocol can be established.
This book bridges the gap between the complexity of measuring
techniques and simplicity and accuracy of their clinical use. Its
comprehensiveness and clarity help new engineers in the field
develop analytical methods and allow clinicians to use these
techniques in their practice with greater confidence.
This book highlights a comprehensive introduction to the
fundamental statistical mechanics underneath the inner workings of
neural networks. The book discusses in details important concepts
and techniques including the cavity method, the mean-field theory,
replica techniques, the Nishimori condition, variational methods,
the dynamical mean-field theory, unsupervised learning, associative
memory models, perceptron models, the chaos theory of recurrent
neural networks, and eigen-spectrums of neural networks, walking
new learners through the theories and must-have skillsets to
understand and use neural networks. The book focuses on
quantitative frameworks of neural network models where the
underlying mechanisms can be precisely isolated by physics of
mathematical beauty and theoretical predictions. It is a good
reference for students, researchers, and practitioners in the area
of neural networks.
This book provides readers with peer-reviewed research papers
presented at the 6th International Conference on Green Technology
and Sustainable Development (GTSD) held in Nha Trang City, Vietnam,
from July 29 to 30, 2022. The book is original work of researchers
from academia and industry focusing on the theme "Green technology
and sustainable development in Industrial Revolution 4.0" not only
to raise awareness of the vital importance of sustainability in
education, technology, and economic development, but also to
highlight the essential roles of technology innovation for the
green future. The book presents a wide range of research aspects
including energy engineering, electric power systems, renewable
energy systems, automatic control engineering, robotics, vehicle
engineering, material engineering, construction engineering,
mechanical engineering, vibrations, computational analysis,
numerical investigation, system failure, technological solutions in
health care, and so on. Through thorough research basing on both
experimental and numerical methods, the authors feature either
solutions for existing problems or optimization and improvement for
performance of existing methods. The collected research results
could be useful alternatives and implications for industry experts,
research institutions, universities, and all others who share a
common interest in the future global sustainable development.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Non-Newtonian Fluids covers basic
theory, lubrication failure and numerical methods and procedures.
The title offers a feasible method for solving the hydrodynamic
lubrication problem for non-Newtonian fluids. Whereas hydrodynamic
lubrication in Newtonian fluids can be solved using the existing
Reynolds equation, hydrodynamic lubrication in non-Newtonian fluid
is much more difficult to solve because the non-Newtonian
constitutive equation is nonlinear. Engineers and technicians
working on non-Newtonian fluid lubrication calculation and analysis
will find this to be an invaluable reference on the latest thinking
on hydrodynamic lubrication. This book presents a unified solution
to hydrodynamic lubrication in non-Newtonian fluids, proposing a
flow separation method. In addition, the title gives methods and
insights into viscosity in non-Newtonian fluids, the lubrication
failure mechanism and fluid lubrication mechanism carrying
capacity.
This open access book describes the theory of transformation
thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of
macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in
sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four
thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic
thermal phenomena of natural systems. This monograph consists of
two parts, i.e., inside and outside metamaterials, and covers the
basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to
understand the thermal problems extensively investigated in
physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and
materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical
techniques accompanied by computer simulations and laboratory
experiments. This monograph can not only be a bridge linking three
first-class disciplines, i.e., physics, thermophysics, and
materials science, but also contribute to interdisciplinary
development.
This open access book describes the theory of transformation
thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of
macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in
sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four
thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic
thermal phenomena of natural systems. This monograph consists of
two parts, i.e., inside and outside metamaterials, and covers the
basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to
understand the thermal problems extensively investigated in
physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and
materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical
techniques accompanied by computer simulations and laboratory
experiments. This monograph can not only be a bridge linking three
first-class disciplines, i.e., physics, thermophysics, and
materials science, but also contribute to interdisciplinary
development.
This book focuses on theoretical thermotics, the theory of
transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active
control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems,
which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising
the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of
macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. The book covers
the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to
understand thermal problems extensively investigated in physics,
but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The
analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied
with computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This book
serves both as a reference work for senior researchers and a study
text for zero beginners.
Arguing that climate injustice is one of our most pressing urban
problems, this volume explores the possibilities and challenges for
more just urban futures under climate change. Whether the situation
be displacement within cities through carbon gentrification or the
increasing securitization of elite spaces for climate protection,
climate justice and urban justice are intimately connected.
Contributors to the volume build theoretical tools for
interrogating the root causes of climate change, as well as policy
failures. They also highlight knowledge produced within communities
already seeking transformative change and demonstrate meaningful
learning from activist groups working to address the socionatural
injustices caused by the impact of climate change. The editors'
introduction situates our current climate emergency within
historical processes of colonization, racial capitalism, and
heteropatriarchy, while the editors' conclusion offers pathways
forward through abolition, care, and reparations. Where other books
focus on the project of critique, this collection advances
real-world politics to help academics, practitioners, and social
justice groups imagine, create, and enact more just urban futures
under climate change.
Arguing that climate injustice is one of our most pressing urban
problems, this volume explores the possibilities and challenges for
more just urban futures under climate change. Whether the situation
be displacement within cities through carbon gentrification or the
increasing securitization of elite spaces for climate protection,
climate justice and urban justice are intimately connected.
Contributors to the volume build theoretical tools for
interrogating the root causes of climate change, as well as policy
failures. They also highlight knowledge produced within communities
already seeking transformative change and demonstrate meaningful
learning from activist groups working to address the socionatural
injustices caused by the impact of climate change. The editors'
introduction situates our current climate emergency within
historical processes of colonization, racial capitalism, and
heteropatriarchy, while the editors' conclusion offers pathways
forward through abolition, care, and reparations. Where other books
focus on the project of critique, this collection advances
real-world politics to help academics, practitioners, and social
justice groups imagine, create, and enact more just urban futures
under climate change.
Optical materials with large values of non-linear susceptibilities
and fast responses are in great demand in industrial applications,
such as non-linear optical switching devices for use in photonics
and real-time coherent optical signal processors, optical limiters,
and so on. In general, many applications of non-linear optics that
have been demonstrated under controlled laboratory conditions could
become practical for technological uses if such materials were
available. It is usually believed that an effective enhanced
non-linear optical response can appear in a composite material in
which at least one component should possess an inherent non-linear
optical response. Thus, the common way to develop new non-linear
optical materials is to seek materials in which the components
possess an inherently large non-linear optical response. In
contrast, the author has theoretically exploited some new
non-linear optical materials, e.g., colloidal nanocrystals with
strong lattice effects, metallic films with inhomogeneous
microstructures adjusted by ion doping or temperature gradient,
composites of graded (and/or shape-anisotropic) nanoparticles, etc.
The proposed materials are difficult or impossible to achieve with
conventional, naturally occurring materials or random composites
widely discussed in the literature. This book presents a first-hand
review of the latest developments in this field.
A unique study of economic migration within China from the
influential Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) working in
partnership with UNESCO. Urban Migrants and Poverty Reduction in
China is the result of a large-scale research project conducted
across China from 2002 to 2010. Packed full of original material,
academic analysis, expert knowledge and practical policy
suggestions, it paints a detailed picture of the consequences of
China's startling economic transformation. The debate on migration
mirrors the major social policy issues now facing China. These
include the unequal development between the East and West of the
country, a reliance on heavy industry, a labour intensive economy,
market forces, the dualistic characteristic of Chinese society and
the huge divide between rural and urban areas, social inequality
and social exclusion. Further more, the debate on migration cannot
be separated from the debate on globalization, community
rebuilding, informal employments, human rights and discrimination.
Written by a team of leading Chinese researchers, this new book
examines each of these critical areas and social issues and offers
findings that will prove invaluable to anybody seeking knowledge on
both Chinese migration and China's wider social challenges.
Migration is of huge impact in China. It has been at the core of
the socio-economic transformation of modern China and has major
policy implications. This book provides an extensively researched
and thorough analysis of this vital subject.
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