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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of
biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. Agricultural production has increased massively over
the last century due to increased use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, but these gains have come at a price. The chemicals are
not only expensive; they also reduce microbial activity in
agricultural soils and accumulate in the food chain, with
potentially harmful effects for humans. Accordingly, it is high
time to explore alternatives and to find solutions to overcome our
increasing dependence on these chemicals. Biofertilizers, which
consist of plant remains, organic matter and microorganisms, might
offer an alternative. They are natural, organic, biodegradable,
eco-friendly and cost-effective. Further, the microbes present in
the biofertilizers are important, because they produce nutrients
required for plant growth (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium),
as well as substances essential for plant growth and development
(e.g., auxins and cytokinins). Biofertilizers also improve the
physical properties, fertility and productivity of soil, reducing
the need for chemical fertilizers while maintaining high crop
yield. This makes biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable
agriculture and a sustainable environment. The book covers the
latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal,
bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation,
wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal,
agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and
bio-pesticides. As such, it offers a valuable resource for
researchers, academics and students in the broad fields of
microbiology and agriculture.
This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the
field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil
proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the
pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and
factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In
the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of
structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the
pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique
habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link
between geological and biological substances circulation in the
terrestrial ecosystems. In the processes making available
vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as
various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people
through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food
production. With the depth of information on different aspects of
soil, this extensive volume is a valuable resource for the
researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture,
scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government
from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students
in the area of soil and environmental science.
This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the
field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil
proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the
pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and
factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In
the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of
structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the
pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique
habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link
between geological and biological substances circulation in the
terrestrial ecosystems. In the processes making available vital
mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various
trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through
the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food
production. With the depth of information on different aspects of
soil, this extensive volume is a valuable resource for the
researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture,
scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government
from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students
in the area of soil and environmental science.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of
biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. Agricultural production has increased massively over
the last century due to increased use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, but these gains have come at a price. The chemicals are
not only expensive; they also reduce microbial activity in
agricultural soils and accumulate in the food chain, with
potentially harmful effects for humans. Accordingly, it is high
time to explore alternatives and to find solutions to overcome our
increasing dependence on these chemicals. Biofertilizers, which
consist of plant remains, organic matter and microorganisms, might
offer an alternative. They are natural, organic, biodegradable,
eco-friendly and cost-effective. Further, the microbes present in
the biofertilizers are important, because they produce nutrients
required for plant growth (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium),
as well as substances essential for plant growth and development
(e.g., auxins and cytokinins). Biofertilizers also improve the
physical properties, fertility and productivity of soil, reducing
the need for chemical fertilizers while maintaining high crop
yield. This makes biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable
agriculture and a sustainable environment. The book covers the
latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal,
bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation,
wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal,
agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and
bio-pesticides. As such, it offers a valuable resource for
researchers, academics and students in the broad fields of
microbiology and agriculture.
Plant growth regulators consist of organic molecules produced
synthetically and used to modulate plant growth. There are several
classes of plant growth regulators, including auxin, gibberellin,
abscisic acid, cytokinins, salicylic, jasmonic acid and ethylene,
as well as more recently investigated brassinosteroids,
strigolactones, polyamine, etc. These plant growth regulators have
either promoting or inhibitory effects on plant growth and
development by means of modification in plant secondary metabolism
and gene regulation. Some of plant growth regulators may have safe
issues in fields. More attention should be paid in the application
of plant growth regulators. Researchers also try to find other
regulators to do more field experiments, in order to reduce the
amount of organic chemicals (e.g., traditional plant growth
regulators) used. This book discusses the function, types, uses and
safety of plant growth regulators. The effects of plant growth
regulators on horticultural plants are specially introduced in this
book. Fly ash and soil mycorrhizal fungi-released glomalin also get
a lot of attention in this book.
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