The authors and editors of this book challenge traditional assumptions about economic growth, and develop the elements of a reoriented macroeconomics that takes account both of environmental impacts and social equity. Policies including carbon trading, revenue recycling, and reorientation of private and social investment are analyzed, providing insight into new paths for economic development with flat or negative carbon emissions. These issues will be crucial to macroeconomic and development policies in the twenty-first century.What are the likely economic effects of climate change? What are the costs of substantial action to avert climate change? What economic policies can be effective in responding to climate change? The debate has broad implications for public policy. However, it also raises fundamental questions about economic analysis itself, and moves issues of environmental policy from the microeconomic to the macroeconomic level. Taking global climate change seriously requires a re-examination of macroeconomic goals. Economic growth has been closely linked to expanded use of energy, primarily fossil fuels. The assumption of continuing economic growth, in turn, leads economists to discount future costs, including the generational impacts of climate change. Challenging conventional concepts of growth implies different development paths both for rich and poor nations. This volume brings together contributions from scholars around the world to address these issues. Scholars, researchers and students of economics and development studies along with policymakers and non-governmental organizations will find this insightful book of great interest.

The authors and editors of this book challenge traditional assumptions about economic growth, and develop the elements of a reoriented macroeconomics that takes account both of environmental impacts and social equity. Policies including carbon trading, revenue recycling, and reorientation of private and social investment are analyzed, providing insight into new paths for economic development with flat or negative carbon emissions. These issues will be crucial to macroeconomic and development policies in the twenty-first century.What are the likely economic effects of climate change? What are the costs of substantial action to avert climate change? What economic policies can be effective in responding to climate change? The debate has broad implications for public policy. However, it also raises fundamental questions about economic analysis itself, and moves issues of environmental policy from the microeconomic to the macroeconomic level. Taking global climate change seriously requires a re-examination of macroeconomic goals. Economic growth has been closely linked to expanded use of energy, primarily fossil fuels. The assumption of continuing economic growth, in turn, leads economists to discount future costs, including the generational impacts of climate change. Challenging conventional concepts of growth implies different development paths both for rich and poor nations. This volume brings together contributions from scholars around the world to address these issues. Scholars, researchers and students of economics and development studies along with policymakers and non-governmental organizations will find this insightful book of great interest.

Presenting new and innovative perspectives on macroeconomics at the national and international levels, the editors bring together contributions on a wide range of topics including: current issues of globalization; transitional economies; inequality; unemployment; national and international debt; and the relationship of macroeconomic policies to the environment. The contributors draw on expertise in a variety of areas to provide insight into debates on macroeconomic policy in the US and Europe, as well as in developing and transitional economies. Themes explored include: * disequilibrium in the macroeconomy: analysis of the roots of instability and crisis in national and global systems * the evolution of macroeconomic institutions to stabilize and guide economic growth * the paradoxes of globalization, the dangers of unrestricted financial flows, and the impacts of globalization on national institutional coherence * macro and institutional strategies for the transitional economies of Russia and Eastern Europe * distributional and equity issues, including employment, housing, and homelessness * the impact of macroeconomic policy and debt on the environment * long-term growth and its relationship to well-being and environmental sustainability. This collection is a valuable resource for researchers and students of macroeconomics, presenting numerous case studies and examples which bring to life some of the theoretical debates that will determine the future of macroeconomics. Policy professionals in a variety of fields including politics, political economy, and international relations will also find much of interest in this enlightening volume.

Presenting new and innovative perspectives on macroeconomics at the national and international levels, the editors bring together contributions on a wide range of topics including: current issues of globalization; transitional economies; inequality; unemployment; national and international debt; and the relationship of macroeconomic policies to the environment. The contributors draw on expertise in a variety of areas to provide insight into debates on macroeconomic policy in the US and Europe, as well as in developing and transitional economies. Themes explored include: * disequilibrium in the macroeconomy: analysis of the roots of instability and crisis in national and global systems * the evolution of macroeconomic institutions to stabilize and guide economic growth * the paradoxes of globalization, the dangers of unrestricted financial flows, and the impacts of globalization on national institutional coherence * macro and institutional strategies for the transitional economies of Russia and Eastern Europe * distributional and equity issues, including employment, housing, and homelessness * the impact of macroeconomic policy and debt on the environment * long-term growth and its relationship to well-being and environmental sustainability. This collection is a valuable resource for researchers and students of macroeconomics, presenting numerous case studies and examples which bring to life some of the theoretical debates that will determine the future of macroeconomics. Policy professionals in a variety of fields including politics, political economy, and international relations will also find much of interest in this enlightening volume.

The emergent discipline of ecological economics is based on the idea that the world's economies are a function of the earth's ecosystems -- an idea that radically reverses the world view of neoclassical economics. "A Survey of Ecological Economics" provides the first overview of this new field, and a comprehensive and systematic survey of its critical literature.The editors of the volume summarize ninety-five seminal articles, selected through an exhaustive survey, that advance the field of ecological economics and represent the best thinking to date in the area. Each two- to three-page summary is far more comprehensive than a typical abstract, and presents both the topics covered in each paper and the most important arguments made about each topic. Sections cover: historical perspective definition, scope, and interdisciplinary issues theoretical frameworks and techniques energy and resource flow analysis accounting and evaluation North-South/international issues ethical/social/institutional issues Each section is preceded by an introductory essay that outlines the current state of knowledge in the field and proposes a research agenda for the future. "A Survey of Ecological Economics" is the first volume in the "Frontier Issues in Economic Thought" series produced by the Global Development And Environment Institute at Tufts University.

There is significant debate regarding the quality of the national health system of the United States relative to those of other countries. The U.S. healthcare system has been heavily criticized as a highly inefficient, disorganized, fragmented, and under-resourced primary care system that contributes to high healthcare costs, high rates of uninsured individuals, and a number of health problems in comparison to the situation in other Western nations. Further, the United States is currently the only wealthy industrialized country that has not achieved universal health coverage. Together, these reasons help explain why important health indicators have been deteriorating recently. Assessing the Need for a Comprehensive National Health System in the United States seeks to thoroughly examine several key aspects related to the U.S. health system and presents different perspectives, provides facts and data-based assessment, and offers alternative strategies, policies, and realistic options towards a better and healthier U.S. society. Covering key topics such as telehealth, social justice, and healthcare workers, this reference work is ideal for health professionals, nurses, government officials, policymakers, researchers, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.

There is significant debate regarding the quality of the national health system of the United States relative to those of other countries. The U.S. healthcare system has been heavily criticized as a highly inefficient, disorganized, fragmented, and under-resourced primary care system that contributes to high healthcare costs, high rates of uninsured individuals, and a number of health problems in comparison to the situation in other Western nations. Further, the United States is currently the only wealthy industrialized country that has not achieved universal health coverage. Together, these reasons help explain why important health indicators have been deteriorating recently. Assessing the Need for a Comprehensive National Health System in the United States seeks to thoroughly examine several key aspects related to the U.S. health system and presents different perspectives, provides facts and data-based assessment, and offers alternative strategies, policies, and realistic options towards a better and healthier U.S. society. Covering key topics such as telehealth, social justice, and healthcare workers, this reference work is ideal for health professionals, nurses, government officials, policymakers, researchers, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.