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In recent years, a growing number of engineering applications of
light weight and energy efficient plastics can be found in high
quality parts vital to the func tioning of entire equipments and
structures. Improved mechanical properties, especially balance of
stiffness and toughness, are among the most frequently desired
features of the new materials. In addition, reduced flammability is
con sidered the single most important requirement for further
expansion of plastics into large volume and demanding markets such
as construction and mass trans port. Production of power cables
also requires flame retardant cable jacketing plastics to replace
or at least to reduce consumption of environmentally unsound PVC.
The two principal ways to achieve the goals mentioned above include
the development of completely new thermoplastic polymers and
various modifica tions of the existing ones. Development and
commercialization of a new ther moplastic require mobilization of
large human and financial resources, the lat ter being within the
range from $100 million to $10 billion, in comparison to $100
thousand to $10 million needed to develop and commercialize
polymeric mate rial with prescribed end use properties using
physical or chemical modification of an existing plastic. In
addition, the various markets utilizing thermoplastics demand large
flexibility in material properties with only moderate volumes, at
the best.
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