This book tells the story of Taiwan's economic revolution-how Taiwan transformed itself from a planned economy into a market economy between 1949 and 1965. The authors posit that it was the Kuomintang Government's endorsement of property rights reform and institutional change that enabled Taiwan to transform from an impoverished command economy to one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The book gives special attention to how a small group of political and economic leaders began adopting the new ideas and beliefs that created the vision that enabled them to embrace institutional and organizational innovations, actions which led to the formation of the new market economy. Using first-hand interview material with key government officials from the period, and analyses of hitherto unused Chinese-language archives including: the diaries of Chiang Kai-shek, Kuomintang party archives, and personal papers of Kuomintang leaders, as well as newspaper and journal articles published in Taiwan between 1949 and 1965, this book is both empirically rich, and gives the reader insights into Taiwan's developmental experience and the direction in which, under different circumstances, China's post-war expansion might have proceeded. Taiwan's Economic Transition will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the economic and political history and development of Taiwan. More broadly it will also appeal to scholars and students of China's historical and contemporary development, Asian economics, and Asian studies.

This book tells the story of Taiwan's economic revolution?how Taiwan transformed itself from a planned economy into a market economy between 1949 and 1965. The authors posit that it was the Kuomintang Government's endorsement of property rights reform and institutional change that enabled Taiwan to transform from an impoverished command economy to one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The book gives special attention to how a small group of political and economic leaders began adopting the new ideas and beliefs that created the vision that enabled them to embrace institutional and organizational innovations, actions which led to the formation of the new market economy.

Using first-hand interview material with key government officials from the period, and analyses of hitherto unused Chinese-language archives including: the diaries of Chiang Kai-shek, Kuomintang party archives, and personal papers of Kuomintang leaders, as well as newspaper and journal articles published in Taiwan between 1949 and 1965, this book is both empirically rich, and gives the reader insights into Taiwan's developmental experience and the direction in which, under different circumstances, China's post-war expansion might have proceeded.

Taiwan's Economic Transition will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the economic and political history and development of Taiwan. More broadly it will also appeal to scholars and students of China's historical and contemporary development, Asian economics, and Asian studies.

These essays, by thirteen specialists from Japan and the United States, provide a comprehensive view of the Japanese empire from its establishment in 1895 to its liquidation in 1945. They offer a variety of perspectives on subjects previously neglected by historians: the origin and evolution of the formal empire (which comprised Taiwan, Korea, Karafuto. the Kwantung Leased Territory, and the South Seas Mandated Islands), the institutions and policies by which it was governed, and the economic dynamics that impelled it. Seeking neither to justify the empire nor to condemn it, the contributors place it in the framework of Japanese history and in the context of colonialism as a global phenomenon. Contributors are Ching-chih Chen. Edward I-te Chen, Bruce Cumings, Peter Duus, Lewis H. Gann, Samuel Pao-San Ho, Marius B. Jansen, Mizoguchi Toshiyuki, Ramon H. Myers, Mark R. Peattie, Michael E. Robinson, E. Patricia Tsurumi. Yamada Sabur?, Yamamoto Y?zo?.

With this book the editors complete the three-volume series on modern Japanese colonialism and imperialism that began with "The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945" (Princeton, 1983) and "The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937" (Princeton, 1989). The Japanese military takeover in Manchuria between 1931 and 1932 was a critical turning point in East Asian history. It marked the first surge of Japanese aggression beyond the boundaries of its older colonial empire and set Japan on a collision course with China and Western colonial powers from 1937 through 1945. These essays seek to illuminate some of the more significant processes and institutions during the period when the empire was at war: the creation of a Japanese-dominated East Asian economic bloc centered in northeast Asia, the mobilization of human and physical resources in the older established areas of Japanese colonial rule, and the penetration and occupation of Southeast Asia.

Introduced by Peter Duus, the volume contains four sections: Japan's Wartime Empire and the Formal Colonies (Carter J. Eckert and Wan-yao Chou), Japan's Wartime Empire and Northeast Asia (Louise Young, Y. Tak Matsusaka, Ramon H. Myers, and Takafusa Nakamura), Japan's Wartime Empire and Southeast Asia (Mark R. Peattie, E. Bruce Reynolds, and Ken'ichi Goto), and Japan's Wartime Empire in Other Perspectives (George Hicks, Hideo Kobayashi, and L. H. Gann).

Building upon a previous study of Japan's colonial empire, this volume examines the period from 1895 to 1937 when Japan's economic, social, political, and military influence in China expanded so rapidly that it supplanted the influence of Western powers competing there. These fourteen essays discuss how Japan's "informal empire" emerged in China and how that "empire" influenced Japan's own internal development. "Describes in rich detail Japan's organization of a wide range of cultural, educational, economic, military, and bureaucratic institutions that formed the mainstays of Japanese influence in China along with the trading, manufacturing, intelligence-gathering, and political intriguing which they managed."--Wen-hsin Yeh, The Journal of Asian Studies Originally published in 1989. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This volume evaluates the complex developments between the United States and Korea and offers policy recommendations for how both countries in the future might avoid the bitter politiczation of trade disputes of the recent past and expand their economic relations.

This diary offers an important new perspective on the critical events leading to the end of the Chinese civil war. From September 1945 to April 1946, Chang Kia-ngau kept a daily log in the negotiations between Nationalist China and Soviet Union to recover Manchuria from Soviet military occupation. The diary reveals that the Russians actively sought Nationalist China's cooperation in rehabilitating and operating the huge industrial complex that the Japanese had built in Manchuria during the 1930s and 1940s. The Russians were willing to let Chiang Kai-shek's government take control over Manchuria if the Nationalists would pledge that only Russia would be able to exert foreign influence in Manchuria. Chang Kia-ngau's diary is an eyewitness account of how Manchuria, one of the world's greatest industrial sites, fell to the control of the Chinese Red Army and thus led to the communist victory over Chiang Kai-shek. This book will interest students of cold war rivalry, U.S. foreign policy, Soviet diplomacy, and Chinese history alike.

On January 1, 1979, the Congress of the United States passed the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) in order to maintain all existing treaties between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the United States as well as the laws governing relations between the two countries. The enactment of the TRA marked the beginning of a unique relationship. Perhaps for the first time in the history of modern foreign affairs a state had broken relations with another, only to create a new legal arrangement that would maintain virtually all prior laws and commitments that had existed between the two governments. The essays in this volume focus on how the TRA has influenced the two triangular relationships in which the United States and the two Chinese states are lined: (1) the great power triangle of the United States, the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the Soviet Union and (2) the evolution of political diplomacy between the United States, the PRC, and the Republic of China on Taiwan. Despite efforts by the PRC to disrupt the strong ties between the United States and the ROC, the authors of this volume illustrate the extraordinary success of the Taiwan Relations Act in contributing to regional security and a high level of economic and political stability in one of the world's most tactically unpredictable and volatile areas.

Building upon a previous study of Japan's colonial empire, this volume examines the period from 1895 to 1937 when Japan's economic, social, political, and military influence in China expanded so rapidly that it supplanted the influence of Western powers competing there. These fourteen essays discuss how Japan's "informal empire" emerged in China and how that "empire" influenced Japan's own internal development. "Describes in rich detail Japan's organization of a wide range of cultural, educational, economic, military, and bureaucratic institutions that formed the mainstays of Japanese influence in China along with the trading, manufacturing, intelligence-gathering, and political intriguing which they managed."--Wen-hsin Yeh, The Journal of Asian Studies

Originally published in 1991.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The political transformation of Taiwan from an authoritarian regime into a democracy is one of the great political sagas of the 20th century. Defeated on the China mainland, the Kuomintang established a new polity on Taiwan that allowed for four remarkable patterns of political development. These patterns reflect a complex political process of behavioral and institutional change in which the key requisites for democracy now exist in Taiwan. Taiwan's history of citizen participation in direct elections, along with the political institutional changes narrated here by Chao and Myers, produced an unprecedented, peaceful political turn-over of power from the KMT ruling party to the DPP, or Democratic Progressive Party, in March 2000.

This volume presents a concise history of how China's Communist Party (CCP) selected a new generation of leaders in late 2002 and why the individuals, in their late 40s and 50s, were so well qualified to govern China. These leaders are trying to lead China to become a regional and world power in which their people can enjoy a modest living standard and take pride in the nation's achievements. Addressed to the expert or ordinary reader, these essays see China's leaders as challenged by a new trend, visible only in the last decade, of a widening gap between the losers in society and the winners of the recent economic and political reforms. The leaders of the largest, single ruling party and state authority in the world must somehow reverse that trend if China is to survive as one nation. This volume explains they are doing that by reconfiguring their huge command economy, promoting a market economy, and undertaking gradual political reforms. It is unflinching in its discussion of how China's leaders face mounting political corruption, spreading unemployment, growing disparity of wealth and income, and a crisis of belief.

Taiwan's recent moves to democratize its political system have undermined the "one China" policy and demanded the redefinition of relations between Taiwan and China. Across the Taiwan Strait provides a new and timely look at the pivotal role of democracy in the fifty-year-old conflict. Drawn from the proceedings of a conference organized by the Claremont Institute, the work discusses the varying perceptions of democracy in China and Taiwan and the different democracy movements developing on either side of the Taiwan Strait. It highlights the importance of Taiwan in establishing an Asian experience of democracy, the role of the United States in mediating this discussion of democracy, and the need to ensure that democratic development enhances, rather than destabilizes, the cross-strait relationship.

This thoughtful volume is the first to evaluate comprehensively the formation and execution of U.S. policy toward China and Taiwan during the crucial twelve years of the Bush and Clinton administrations. Drawing on an unprecedented array of sources, a group of leading international experts explores the increasingly complex environment facing policymakers in the wake of the tragic events of Tiananmen, particularly the growing role played by interest group lobbies, media commentary, and Congress. All these influences combined to dismantle the bipartisan agreement that had supported positive relations with Beijing, replacing it with a more politicized and pluralized policy arena. The authors document how, within this new context, the Bush and Clinton administrations struggled to forge consensus, implement China policies, and maintain a modicum of relations with the PRC. The study focuses systematically on the range of domestic influences, but also considers the less-obvious but vital roles played by European and Asian nations, as well as Taiwan and China itself. Offering novel interpretations based on pathbreaking research, this book will be indispensable for all those interested in understanding the intricacies that influence the delicate relationship between the United States, China, and Taiwan.

In the 1960s and 1970s American private foundations and government agencies spent over $40 million to support contemporary Chinese studies and train Americans to become experts on Communist China. How well did these programs, support facilities, and experts contribute to a better understanding of the complex events an changes that took place in the world's most populous country? Kuo and Myers survey and appraise that research by comparing it with the research facilities and experts in the Republic of China (Taiwan) where efforts were underway to understand the dynamics of change that occurred between 1949 and 1978, probably the most turbulent period in China's modern history. By referring to a small sample of learned journals and monographs, they develop a methodology for evaluating area research on Communist China. Their overall findings enable Kuo and Myers to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of American and Chinese research and proposed how the internationalization of research on communist countries like China could be greatly improved in the future.

A concise and informative history of how China divided in 1949 into two regimes, why they struggled to achieve the same political goal-reunification of China--and why their struggle today continues in a more complex and dangerous way. The authors detail how the changes brought about by the 2000 election not only intensified the conflict between the regimes but locked both sides into a new contest that increased the probability of war rather than peace.

This collection explores how limited electoral democracy evolved in the three Chinese societies of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China under dictatorial rule. Because of its special political circumstances during the 1950s and 1960s, Taiwan democratized by 2000, but the evolution of an equally robust democracy in the other two Chinese societies will take several more decades.

This collection of essays, based on a conference at the Hoover Institution, compares the governmental policies and institutional determinants of economic development for sixteen countries within the context of Western economic development and national trends in the world economy. The study also includes an essay by Amartya Sen that examines the meaning of wealth and its different measurements.

This "tour d'horizon" of countries having different cultures, resource endowments, and economic and political systems makes the following arguments. First, governmental policies and institutions or rules that determined how and what resources were allocated among agriculture, manufacturing, and other economic activities proved crucial for whether a nation experienced--according to Adam Smith--"the natural progress or opulence" toward creating more wealth.

Second, these empirical case studies reveal that national governments' success in creating wealth depended on whether their economies evolved according to three normative patterns of development: An efficacious circle of four interacting activities: a more equitable distribution of income, a rising market demand for goods and services, an increasing share of savings of gross domestic product, and more investment in physical and human capitalAvoiding large wage increases and inflationA gradual shift from relying on the domestic market to integrating with the international market economy

Finally, those governmental policies and institutional changes that facilitated the market process rather than impeding it were more successful in creating wealth than those that tried to replace the market place with central planning or obstruct the market process by various regulatory means.

This collection contains contributions from Amartya Sen, Lamont University Professor at Harvard University; economic historians Douglass C. North, Nobel Prize laureate, and Kozo Yamamamura; and development economists David Bevan, Robert Christiansen, Paul Collier, Nicholas Eberstadt, Albert Fishlow, Jan Willem Gunning, Alan Heston, Jan Hogendorn, Victor Lavy, Angus Maddison, Ramon H. Myers, and Gur Ofer.

A group of internationally prominent China scholars held a conference at the Hoover Institution in December 1994 to discuss how U.S. policy can best respond to recent changes in China and made clear that a "get-tough" policy would ultimately fail. This volume presents, in ten authoritative chapters, the first comprehensive overview of this complex topic--along with sound reasoning to support its provocative conclusion. The end of the cold war left the United States as the world's only superpower, but greater China was already in the throes of major change. As a post-Mao People's Republic gradually shifted from totalitarianism to a "socialist market economy," Taiwan underwent an "economic micracle" and then democratized. Hostilities between these two governments subsided, but America remained faced with Beijing's continuing authoritarianism and human rights abuses. In light of these circumstances, what posture should U.S. foreign policy adopt in dealing with China: confrontation or cooperation? Indeed, is such a clear-cut choice possible? Thomas A. Metzger and Ramon H. Myers assembled the participants, weaving an overview of this whole problem and concluding that the United States should try to nurture harmonious relations with China. The papers included here analyze the recent evolution of Chinese foreign policy toward Taiwan, Taiwan's development and policy on unification, security and economic issues, and the diplomatic visions that will affect the future of greater China. As a whole, this book coherently formulates the principles that should guide U. S. policy toward greater China in the next decades.

Japanese foreign direct investment generated new opportunities and benefits but also created new problems for the recipient countries. This volume examines the countries that received nearly three-fifths of all Japanese foreign direct investment between 1980 and 1990 and asks the following questions. Why did Japanese foreign direct investment increase so dramatically between 1970 and 1991? What are some of the significant patterns that Japanese foreign direct investment have on the host countries? Focusing on six major destination countries-the United States, Great Britain, Mexico, Australia, the Republic of China, and Thailand-the essays in this volume explore the benefits and problems Japanese foreign direct investment has created, particularly in terms of recipient countries' employment, foreign trade, acquisition of new technology and management skills, economic output, resource development, and public opinion.

This volume evaluates the complex developments between the United States and Korea and offers policy recommendations for how both countries in the future might avoid the bitter politiczation of trade disputes of the recent past and expand their economic relations.

The essays in this book employ a multidisciplinary approach to systematically compare the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan.

On January 1, 1979, the Congress of the United States passed the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) in order to maintain all existing treaties between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the United States as well as the laws governing relations between the two countries. The enactment of the TRA marked the beginning of a unique relationship. Perhaps for the first time in the history of modern foreign affairs a state had broken relations with another, only to create a new legal arrangement that would maintain virtually all prior laws and commitments that had existed between the two governments. The essays in this volume focus on how the TRA has influenced the two triangular relationships in which the United States and the two Chinese states are lined: (1) the great power triangle of the United States, the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the Soviet Union and (2) the evolution of political diplomacy between the United States, the PRC, and the Republic of China on Taiwan. Despite efforts by the PRC to disrupt the strong ties between the United States and the ROC, the authors of this volume illustrate the extraordinary success of the Taiwan Relations Act in contributing to regional security and a high level of economic and political stability in one of the world's most tactically unpredictable and volatile areas.

In the 1960s and 1970s American private foundations and government agencies spent over $40 million to support contemporary Chinese studies and train Americans to become experts on Communist China. How well did these programs, support facilities, and experts contribute to a better understanding of the complex events an changes that took place in the world's most populous country? Kuo and Myers survey and appraise that research by comparing it with the research facilities and experts in the Republic of China (Taiwan) where efforts were underway to understand the dynamics of change that occurred between 1949 and 1978, probably the most turbulent period in China's modern history. By referring to a small sample of learned journals and monographs, they develop a methodology for evaluating area research on Communist China. Their overall findings enable Kuo and Myers to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of American and Chinese research and proposed how the internationalization of research on communist countries like China could be greatly improved in the future.