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Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
This book bridges the gap between the many insights into art
provided by research in evolutionary theory, psychology and
neuroscience and those enduring normative issues best addressed by
philosophy. The sciences have helped us understand how art
functions, our art preferences, and the neurological systems
underlying our engagement with art. But we continue to rely on
philosophy to tell us what is truly good in art, how we should
engage with art, and the conceptual basis for this engagement.
Naturalized Aesthetics: A Scientific Framework for the Philosophy
of Art integrates a systematic and comprehensive naturalism,
grounded in the sciences, with an "ecology" of art. It shows how
the environments in which we make and experience art - our
"engineered art niches" - affect the practice and experience of art
and generate normativity - the goods and the shoulds - in our
engagement with art. There are, in effect, two "streams" of
normativity, according to this book: a niche-dependent, social,
impersonal and objective stream and a niche-independent,
individual, personal and subjective stream. Recognition of these
two streams allows us to make progress in long-standing and
unresolved philosophical disputes about how to interpret, evaluate
and conceive art. Key Features: Provides a structured and critical
introduction to the scientific accounts of art based on
evolutionary thinking, psychology and neuroscience. Develops an
"ecology" of art based on the insight that we engage with art in
engineered niches. Presents a naturalistic account of normativity
based on the recognition of two streams: a niche-dependent, social,
impersonal and objective stream; and a niche-independent,
individual, personal and subjective stream. Serves as an
introduction and critical analysis of the debates about the
interpretation, evaluation and definitions of art.
Modern biological classification is based on the system developed
by Linnaeus, and interpreted by Darwin as representing the tree of
life. But despite its widespread acceptance, the evolutionary
interpretation has some problems and limitations. This
comprehensive book provides a single resource for understanding all
the main philosophical issues and controversies about biological
classification. It surveys the history of biological classification
from Aristotle to contemporary phylogenetics and shows how modern
biological classification has developed and changed over time.
Readers will also be able to see how biological classification is
in part a consequence of human psychology, language development and
culture. The book will be valuable for student readers and others
interested in a range of topics in philosophy and biology.
There is long-standing disagreement among systematists about how to
divide biodiversity into species. Over twenty different species
concepts are used to group organisms, according to criteria as
diverse as morphological or molecular similarity, interbreeding and
genealogical relationships. This, combined with the implications of
evolutionary biology, raises the worry that either there is no
single kind of species, or that species are not real. This book
surveys the history of thinking about species from Aristotle to
modern systematics in order to understand the origin of the
problem, and advocates a solution based on the idea of the division
of conceptual labor, whereby species concepts function in different
ways - theoretically and operationally. It also considers related
topics such as individuality and the metaphysics of evolution, and
how scientific terms get their meaning. This important addition to
the current debate will be essential for philosophers and
historians of science, and for biologists.
Biological accounts of art typically start with evolutionary,
psychological or neurobiological theories. These approaches might
be able to explain many of the similarities we see in art behaviors
within and across human populations, but they don't obviously
explain the differences we also see. Nor do they give us guidance
on how we should engage with art, or the conceptual basis for art.
A more comprehensive framework, based also on the ecology of art
and how art behaviors get expressed in engineered niches, can help
us better understand the full range of art behaviors, their
normativity and conceptual basis.
Modern biological classification is based on the system developed
by Linnaeus, and interpreted by Darwin as representing the tree of
life. But despite its widespread acceptance, the evolutionary
interpretation has some problems and limitations. This
comprehensive book provides a single resource for understanding all
the main philosophical issues and controversies about biological
classification. It surveys the history of biological classification
from Aristotle to contemporary phylogenetics and shows how modern
biological classification has developed and changed over time.
Readers will also be able to see how biological classification is
in part a consequence of human psychology, language development and
culture. The book will be valuable for student readers and others
interested in a range of topics in philosophy and biology.
This book is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS series. The creators of
this series are united by passion for literature and driven by the
intention of making all public domain books available in printed
format again - worldwide. At tredition we believe that a great book
never goes out of style. Several mostly non-profit literature
projects provide content to tredition. To support their good work,
tredition donates a portion of the proceeds from each sold copy. As
a reader of a TREDITION CLASSICS book, you support our mission to
save many of the amazing works of world literature from oblivion.
There is long-standing disagreement among systematists about how to
divide biodiversity into species. Over twenty different species
concepts are used to group organisms, according to criteria as
diverse as morphological or molecular similarity, interbreeding and
genealogical relationships. This, combined with the implications of
evolutionary biology, raises the worry that either there is no
single kind of species, or that species are not real. This book
surveys the history of thinking about species from Aristotle to
modern systematics in order to understand the origin of the
problem, and advocates a solution based on the idea of the division
of conceptual labor, whereby species concepts function in different
ways - theoretically and operationally. It also considers related
topics such as individuality and the metaphysics of evolution, and
how scientific terms get their meaning. This important addition to
the current debate will be essential for philosophers and
historians of science, and for biologists.
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