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Chance and Luck - A Discussion of the Laws of Luck, Coincidences, Wagers, Lotteries, and the Fallacies of Gambling; With Notes... Chance and Luck - A Discussion of the Laws of Luck, Coincidences, Wagers, Lotteries, and the Fallacies of Gambling; With Notes on Poker (Paperback)
Proctor Richard A. (Richard 1837-1888
R461 Discovery Miles 4 610 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The Great Pyramid - Observatory, Tomb, and Temple: Proctor Richard A. (Richard Anthony) The Great Pyramid - Observatory, Tomb, and Temple
Proctor Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
R865 Discovery Miles 8 650 Ships in 12 - 17 working days
Naturalized Aesthetics - A Scientific Framework for the Philosophy of Art (Hardcover): Richard A. Richards Naturalized Aesthetics - A Scientific Framework for the Philosophy of Art (Hardcover)
Richard A. Richards
R3,898 Discovery Miles 38 980 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This book bridges the gap between the many insights into art provided by research in evolutionary theory, psychology and neuroscience and those enduring normative issues best addressed by philosophy. The sciences have helped us understand how art functions, our art preferences, and the neurological systems underlying our engagement with art. But we continue to rely on philosophy to tell us what is truly good in art, how we should engage with art, and the conceptual basis for this engagement. Naturalized Aesthetics: A Scientific Framework for the Philosophy of Art integrates a systematic and comprehensive naturalism, grounded in the sciences, with an "ecology" of art. It shows how the environments in which we make and experience art - our "engineered art niches" - affect the practice and experience of art and generate normativity - the goods and the shoulds - in our engagement with art. There are, in effect, two "streams" of normativity, according to this book: a niche-dependent, social, impersonal and objective stream and a niche-independent, individual, personal and subjective stream. Recognition of these two streams allows us to make progress in long-standing and unresolved philosophical disputes about how to interpret, evaluate and conceive art. Key Features: Provides a structured and critical introduction to the scientific accounts of art based on evolutionary thinking, psychology and neuroscience. Develops an "ecology" of art based on the insight that we engage with art in engineered niches. Presents a naturalistic account of normativity based on the recognition of two streams: a niche-dependent, social, impersonal and objective stream; and a niche-independent, individual, personal and subjective stream. Serves as an introduction and critical analysis of the debates about the interpretation, evaluation and definitions of art.

Biological Classification - A Philosophical Introduction (Hardcover): Richard A. Richards Biological Classification - A Philosophical Introduction (Hardcover)
Richard A. Richards
R2,263 Discovery Miles 22 630 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Modern biological classification is based on the system developed by Linnaeus, and interpreted by Darwin as representing the tree of life. But despite its widespread acceptance, the evolutionary interpretation has some problems and limitations. This comprehensive book provides a single resource for understanding all the main philosophical issues and controversies about biological classification. It surveys the history of biological classification from Aristotle to contemporary phylogenetics and shows how modern biological classification has developed and changed over time. Readers will also be able to see how biological classification is in part a consequence of human psychology, language development and culture. The book will be valuable for student readers and others interested in a range of topics in philosophy and biology.

The Species Problem - A Philosophical Analysis (Paperback): Richard A. Richards The Species Problem - A Philosophical Analysis (Paperback)
Richard A. Richards
R920 Discovery Miles 9 200 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

There is long-standing disagreement among systematists about how to divide biodiversity into species. Over twenty different species concepts are used to group organisms, according to criteria as diverse as morphological or molecular similarity, interbreeding and genealogical relationships. This, combined with the implications of evolutionary biology, raises the worry that either there is no single kind of species, or that species are not real. This book surveys the history of thinking about species from Aristotle to modern systematics in order to understand the origin of the problem, and advocates a solution based on the idea of the division of conceptual labor, whereby species concepts function in different ways - theoretically and operationally. It also considers related topics such as individuality and the metaphysics of evolution, and how scientific terms get their meaning. This important addition to the current debate will be essential for philosophers and historians of science, and for biologists.

The Biology of Art (Paperback): Richard A. Richards The Biology of Art (Paperback)
Richard A. Richards
R549 Discovery Miles 5 490 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Biological accounts of art typically start with evolutionary, psychological or neurobiological theories. These approaches might be able to explain many of the similarities we see in art behaviors within and across human populations, but they don't obviously explain the differences we also see. Nor do they give us guidance on how we should engage with art, or the conceptual basis for art. A more comprehensive framework, based also on the ecology of art and how art behaviors get expressed in engineered niches, can help us better understand the full range of art behaviors, their normativity and conceptual basis.

Biological Classification - A Philosophical Introduction (Paperback): Richard A. Richards Biological Classification - A Philosophical Introduction (Paperback)
Richard A. Richards
R1,061 Discovery Miles 10 610 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Modern biological classification is based on the system developed by Linnaeus, and interpreted by Darwin as representing the tree of life. But despite its widespread acceptance, the evolutionary interpretation has some problems and limitations. This comprehensive book provides a single resource for understanding all the main philosophical issues and controversies about biological classification. It surveys the history of biological classification from Aristotle to contemporary phylogenetics and shows how modern biological classification has developed and changed over time. Readers will also be able to see how biological classification is in part a consequence of human psychology, language development and culture. The book will be valuable for student readers and others interested in a range of topics in philosophy and biology.

The Great Pyramid - Observatory, Tomb, and Temple (Paperback): Proctor Richard A. (Richard Anthony) The Great Pyramid - Observatory, Tomb, and Temple (Paperback)
Proctor Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
R664 Discovery Miles 6 640 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Half-hours With the Stars. A Plain and Easy Guide to the Knowledge of the Constellations. Showing in Twelve Maps, the Position... Half-hours With the Stars. A Plain and Easy Guide to the Knowledge of the Constellations. Showing in Twelve Maps, the Position for the United States of the Principal Star Groups Night After Night, Throughout the Year, With Introduction and a Separate... (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R396 Discovery Miles 3 960 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
The Orbs Around Us - a Series of Familiar Essays on the Moon and Planets, Meteors and Comets, the Sun and Coloured Pairs of... The Orbs Around Us - a Series of Familiar Essays on the Moon and Planets, Meteors and Comets, the Sun and Coloured Pairs of Suns (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R692 Discovery Miles 6 920 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Strength - How to Get Strong and Keep Strong With Chapters on Rowing and Swimming, Fat, Age, and the Waist (Paperback): Richard... Strength - How to Get Strong and Keep Strong With Chapters on Rowing and Swimming, Fat, Age, and the Waist (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R560 Discovery Miles 5 600 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Chance and Luck - a Discussion of the Laws of Luck, Coincidences, Wagers, Lotteries, and the Fallacies of Gambling; With Notes... Chance and Luck - a Discussion of the Laws of Luck, Coincidences, Wagers, Lotteries, and the Fallacies of Gambling; With Notes on Poker and Martingales (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R630 Discovery Miles 6 300 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Saturn and Its System - Containing Discussions of the Motions (real and Apparent) and Telescopic Appearance of the Planet... Saturn and Its System - Containing Discussions of the Motions (real and Apparent) and Telescopic Appearance of the Planet Saturn, Its Satellites, and Rings; the Nature of the Rings; the Great Inequality of Saturn and Jupiter; and the Habitability Of... (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R653 Discovery Miles 6 530 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Light Science for Leisure Hours - A Series of Familiar Esays on Scientific Subject (Paperback): Proctor Richard A. (Richard... Light Science for Leisure Hours - A Series of Familiar Esays on Scientific Subject (Paperback)
Proctor Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
R666 Discovery Miles 6 660 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Rough ways made smooth - a series of familiar essays on scientific subjects (Paperback): Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor Rough ways made smooth - a series of familiar essays on scientific subjects (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R841 Discovery Miles 8 410 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Myths and Marvels of Astronomy (Paperback): Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor Myths and Marvels of Astronomy (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R888 Discovery Miles 8 880 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS series. The creators of this series are united by passion for literature and driven by the intention of making all public domain books available in printed format again - worldwide. At tredition we believe that a great book never goes out of style. Several mostly non-profit literature projects provide content to tredition. To support their good work, tredition donates a portion of the proceeds from each sold copy. As a reader of a TREDITION CLASSICS book, you support our mission to save many of the amazing works of world literature from oblivion.

Half-Hours With the Telescope; Being A Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope As A Means of Amusement and instruction. by... Half-Hours With the Telescope; Being A Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope As A Means of Amusement and instruction. by Richard A. Proctor ... With Illustrations On Stone and Wood ... (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R513 Discovery Miles 5 130 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
Light Science For Leisure Hours. (Paperback): Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor Light Science For Leisure Hours. (Paperback)
Richard A. (Richard Anthony) Proctor
R753 Discovery Miles 7 530 Ships in 10 - 15 working days
The Species Problem - A Philosophical Analysis (Hardcover): Richard A. Richards The Species Problem - A Philosophical Analysis (Hardcover)
Richard A. Richards
R2,878 Discovery Miles 28 780 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

There is long-standing disagreement among systematists about how to divide biodiversity into species. Over twenty different species concepts are used to group organisms, according to criteria as diverse as morphological or molecular similarity, interbreeding and genealogical relationships. This, combined with the implications of evolutionary biology, raises the worry that either there is no single kind of species, or that species are not real. This book surveys the history of thinking about species from Aristotle to modern systematics in order to understand the origin of the problem, and advocates a solution based on the idea of the division of conceptual labor, whereby species concepts function in different ways - theoretically and operationally. It also considers related topics such as individuality and the metaphysics of evolution, and how scientific terms get their meaning. This important addition to the current debate will be essential for philosophers and historians of science, and for biologists.

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