This book (hardcover) is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS. It contains classical literature works from over two thousand years. Most of these titles have been out of print and off the bookstore shelves for decades. The book series is intended to preserve the cultural legacy and to promote the timeless works of classical literature. Readers of a TREDITION CLASSICS book support the mission to save many of the amazing works of world literature from oblivion. With this series, tredition intends to make thousands of international literature classics available in printed format again - worldwide.

This book is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS. It contains classical literature works from over two thousand years. Most of these titles have been out of print and off the bookstore shelves for decades. The book series is intended to preserve the cultural legacy and to promote the timeless works of classical literature. Readers of a TREDITION CLASSICS book support the mission to save many of the amazing works of world literature from oblivion. With this series, tredition intends to make thousands of international literature classics available in printed format again - worldwide.

INCLUDING THE STUFFING AND COVERING OF COMMON SUITES, PLAIN SUITES, TUFTED SUITES, PIPED-BACK SUITES, CRINOLINE AND CABRIOLE SUITES, ETC. THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL KINDS OF BEDDING AND COMPLETE DIRECTIONS FOR PLANNING CARPET8 TOGETHER WITH INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CUTTING-OUT AND ARRANGEMENT 0F CURTAINS, VALANCES, DECORATIVE HANGINGS WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABULAR SCALE SHOWING THE PROPORTION FOR CUTTING ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY FESTOONS OF VARIOUS SIZES BY RICHARD BITMEAD Prizeman at the Tandon Exhibitions Allthor of Cabinet-making and French Polishing and Enamelling want of a trade manual on Upholstery has long been felt by young workmen. This fact, judging from the number of applications to the writer for such a work, has induced him to produce this present handbook as a companion to his other works on Cabinet-making and French Polishing. The following pages commence with a description of the tools and appliances used in the trade, followed by directions for the manufacture of all Kinds of bedding, etc., together with instructions for the stuffing and covering of suites in all styles of work. Also the planning of carpets. By the rules here laid down the workman will be enabled to undertake and execute with facility, the cutting-out and arrangement of the most complicated draperies, as the work contains a development of the principles upon which all are governed the plan being arranged in a manner so as to meet any change of fashion which may occur. For new designs, however complicated, are only variations of the same parts in different proportions, either in regard to size or repetition. In conclusion, the writer begs to acknowledge the use he has made of several articles published in the Fzcnitzcre Gazette and also from Rules for Cutting Draperies, etc., by Thomas King and from The Analysis of Drapery, by James Arrowsmith the two latter works being very rare and out of print, EDITORS NOTE. AT the request of Messrs. Crosby Lockwood and Son I have had great pleasure in carefully revising the late Mr. R. Bitmeads excellent treatise on Upholstery, and I think it will be found tbrtt the work is an adequate resznz6 of the subject. W. J. E. CRANE. CONTENTS . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION I . HISTORICAL X . REMARKS ON COVERINGS. ETC . . . . . . . . . . . . XI . CARPETPLANNING XI1 . VALANCES XI11 . CURAINS 85 87 90 . . 95 XIV . SWAG DRAPERIES . . . . . . A FINAL WORD UPON BOTHS AND COVERINGS 107 IXDEX . . . . . . . . . 98 110 THE PRACTICAL UPHOLSTEREY AND CUTTER OUT INTRODUCTION. THE art of Upholstery is said to have originated in the East, and according to Sir Gardner Wilkinson, the Egyptians from the earliest times used upholstered couches, chairs, and footstools. It is known, too, that their neighbours the Assyrians excelled in weaving, and practised the art of decorating draperies by the introduction of gold in the woof. The rich carpets of Persia and the muslins of India were in use for ages before the Romans set foot in Britain, and there can be littlo doubt but that the Oriental people raised the art of Upholstery to a very high standard long before the trade was known in Europe. But at the present time, much more so than formerly, the progress of the arts, the refinements of taste, the caprice of fashion, and the habits and requirements of luxurious ease, which have extended to B 2 PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERY. all classes of society, have given a greater impetus to the trade and a far higher importance to the art of Upholstery than it has ever before attained, and accordingly the workman, if he wishes to justify his pretensions to competency in his profession, should have an intimate knowledge of everything connected with his work...

PREFACE. WRITTEN to supply a want is a phrase now become so hackneyed, that it is only repeated here because no other words mould so well express the purpose of the writer-which is, to place before the trade a book of instruction on Cabinet-making by a London Cabinet-maker. From the fact of the London trade being divided and sub-divided into so many branches-wardrobe makers, pianoforte-case makers, photographic ap- paratus makers, dining-table makers, telegraphic- case makers, sideboard makers, glass-showcase makers, chiffonier makers, looking-glass-frame- makers, mathematical-case makers, dressing-case makers, toilet-table makers, chest-of-drawers makers, etc., etc.-and each one of these branches taking apprentices, it follows as a natural consequence that there are many workmen who are thoroughly efficient only in the branch in which they have been specially trained. It mill frequently happen, from slackness in a particular branch of trade, or from a other causea, that a workman is compelled to turn his hand to another branch, and he then finds that he must place himself under an obligation to others for instruction. By all such workmen this little book will be found of value, as well as by apprentices and country work- men unaccustomed to many of the branches of the trade treated of in these pages amateurs, also, who take delight in the art will find the book of great service and lastly, it is hoped it may prove useful as a work of reference to the trade in general. The information given is based on an experience of twenty-five years as a general Cabinet-maker, and can be relied upon. All necessary instructions for veneering and inlaying in fancy woods, for both flat and shaped surfaces, will be found here and the process of dyeing veneers throughout their entire thickness, so little known to the trade, is also fully treated of, as well as the working and staining of ivory, marqueterie, buhl-work, etc., and the con- struction of various kinds of dining-tables. Many valuable recipes are also given, and much information of a miscellaneous character, as will be seen from a glance through the following Contents p. v-xii. CONTENTS. . . r DOVETAILINO . . . 3 CommonDovetailing . . . . 4 LapDovetailing . . . . 7 Secret Lap Dovetailing. . . . e r 8 Secret or Mitre Dovetailing . . . . 9 The Double Dovetail . . . . . . 9 MORTISE and TENONING . . . . . . . 11 A AQTIOAL METHOD or CONTRUTIN ANGLBS AND CWVES 18 CONTENTS . PAas VENEERING . ......... 32 32 How to Prepare Veneers before Laying ... 33 MahoganyVeneer ....... 33 Satinwood . . . . . . . 33 Kingwood ........ 33 ManillaWood . . . 33 Zebrawood . . . 33 Ebony and Snake Wood ...... 33 How to Prepare the Groundwork . .... . . . . ..... ........ . . . . ....... . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . Birds-Eye Maple Veneer 33 Tulipwood 33 PurpleWood 33 CoromandelWood 33 Yacca Wood . . . . . . . . 33 RasewoodVeneer 33 Wainscotoakveneer 33 ...... ThuyaWood . 34 Pollard Oak Veneers 34 Plain Walnut Veneers 34 BurrWalnutVeneere 34 35 Amboynaveneers . ...... LAY IN VENEERS . . . . e . 3 5 Knife-cut and Sawn Veneers. compared . . 37 Laying with the Veneering Hammer . 39 . . . Laying with a Caul . 41 Laying without a Caul Cheap Method 42 How to Veneer French Tables. Cabinets. C., with Shaped Framing . . . . . . . 43 How ta Veneer Round or Circular Work ... 41 DEUORAT IVB FURNSTUBE- -60ntitZced CONTENTS vii . . . . . . . ..... EAQE IvoryWork . 66 To render Ivoq Flexible 66 Bleaching Ivory . . . . . . . 67 PolishingIvory . . . . . . . 67 Staining Ivory Blaok. Blue. Green. Red. Scarlet. VioIet...