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This book is a detailed study of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's
creation of calculus from 1673 to the 1680s. We examine and analyze
the mathematics in several of his early manuscripts as well as
various articles published in the Acta Eruditorum. It studies some
of the other lesser known "calculi" Leibniz created such as the
Analysis Situs, delves into aspects of his logic, and gives an
overview of his efforts to construct a Universal Characteristic, a
goal that has its distant origin in the Ars Magna of the 13th
century Catalan philosopher Raymond Llull, whose work enjoyed a
renewed popularity in the century and a half prior to Leibniz.This
book also touches upon a new look at the priority controversy with
Newton and a Kuhnian interpretation of the nature of mathematical
change. This book may be the only integrated treatment based on
recent research and should be a thought-provoking contribution to
the history of mathematics for scholars and students, interested in
either Leibniz's mathematical achievement or general issues in the
field.
This book is a history, analysis, and criticism of what the author
calls "postmodern interpretations of science" (PIS) and the closely
related "sociology of scientific knowledge" (SSK). This movement
traces its origin to Thomas Kuhn's revolutionary work, The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), but is more extreme. It
believes that science is a "social construction", having little to
do with nature, and is determined by contextual forces such as the
race, class, gender of the scientist, laboratory politics, or the
needs of the military industrial complex.Since the 1970s, PIS has
become fashionable in the humanities, social sciences, and ethnic
or women's studies, as well as in the new academic discipline of
Science, Technology, and Society (STS). It has been attacked by
numerous authors and the resulting conflicts led to the so-called
Science Wars of the 1990s. While the present book is also critical
of PIS, it focuses on its intellectual and political origins and
tries to understand why it became influential in the 1970s. The
book is both an intellectual and a political history. It examines
the thoughts of Karl Popper, Karl Mannheim, Ludwik Fleck, Thomas
Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, David Bloor, Steve Woolgar, Steve Shapin,
Bruno Latour, and PIS-like doctrines in mathematics. It also
describes various philosophical contributions to PIS ranging from
the Greek sophists to 20th century post-structuralists and argues
that the disturbed political atmosphere of the Vietnam War era was
critical to the rise of PIS.
Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the
World's Religious Traditions provides a forum for prominent
religious scholars to examine the state of religious knowledge and
theological reflection on spiritual development in childhood and
adolescence. Featuring essays from thinkers representing the
world's major religious traditions, the book introduces new voices,
challenges assumptions, raises new questions, and broadens the base
of knowledge and investment in this important domain of life. It
specifically and intentionally focuses on theological and
philosophical perspectives from within religious traditions,
creating space for the religious traditions to find their voices.
Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality is firmly grounded in
the language and priorities of religious studies, and helps
stimulate explorations of whether and how religious communities are
tapping their own wisdom and strengths in nurturing today's young
people in a complex and changing world. Nurturing Child and
Adolescent Spirituality will set the stage for new waves of
scholarship and dialogue within and across traditions, disciplines,
and cultures that will enrich understanding and strengthen how the
world's religious traditions, and others, understand and cultivate
the spiritual lives of children and adolescents around the globe.
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