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In The Price of Truth, Richard Fine recounts the intense drama
surrounding the German surrender at the end of World War II and the
veteran Associated Press journalist Edward Kennedy's controversial
scoop. On May 7, 1945, Kennedy bypassed military censorship to be
the first to break the news of the Nazi surrender executed in
Reims, France. Both the practice and the public perception of
wartime reporting would never be the same. While, at the behest of
Soviet leaders, Allied authorities prohibited release of the story,
Kennedy stuck to his journalistic principles and refused to manage
information he believed the world had a right to know. No action by
an American correspondent during the war proved more controversial.
The Paris press corps was furious at what it took to be Kennedy's
unethical betrayal; military authorities threatened court-martial
before expelling him from Europe. Kennedy defended himself,
insisting the news was being withheld for suspect political reasons
unrelated to military security. After prolonged national debate,
when the dust settled, Kennedy's career was in ruins. This story of
Kennedy's surrender dispatch and the meddling by Allied Command,
which was already being called a fiasco in May 1945, revises what
we know about media-military relations. Discarding "Good War"
nostalgia, Fine challenges the accepted view that relations between
the media and the military were amicable during World War II and
only later ran off the rails during the Vietnam War. The Price of
Truth reveals one of the earliest chapters of tension between
reporters committed to informing the public and generals tasked
with managing a war.
The 1940s offered ever-increasing outlets for writers in book
publishing, magazines, radio, film, and the nascent television
industry, but the standard rights arrangements often prevented
writers from collecting a fair share of the profits made from their
work. To remedy this situation, novelist and screenwriter James M.
Cain (The Postman Always Rings Twice,Double Indemnity, Mildred
Pierce) proposed that all professional writers, including
novelists, playwrights, poets, and screenwriters, should organize
into a single cartel that would secure a fairer return on their
work from publishers and producers. This organization, conceived
and rejected within one turbulent year (1946), was the American
Authors' Authority (AAA). In this groundbreaking work, Richard Fine
traces the history of the AAA within the cultural context of the
1940s. After discussing the profession of authorship as it had
developed in England and the United States, Fine describes how the
AAA, which was to be a central copyright repository, was designed
to improve the bargaining position of writers in the literary
marketplace, keep track of all rights and royalty arrangements,
protect writers' interests in the courts, and lobby for more
favorable copyright and tax legislation. Although simple enough in
its design, the AAA proposal ignited a firestorm of controversy,
and a major part of Fine's study explores its impact in literary
and political circles. Among writers, the AAA exacerbated a split
between East and West Coast writers, who disagreed over whether
writing should be treated as a money-making business or as an
artistic (and poorly paid) calling. Among politicians, a move to
unite all writers into a single organization smacked of communism
and sowed seeds of distrust that later flowered in the Hollywood
blacklists of the McCarthy era. Drawing insights from the fields of
American studies, literature, and Cold War history, Fine's book
offers a comprehensive picture of the development of the modern
American literary marketplace from the professional writer's
perspective. It uncovers the effect of national politics on the
affairs of writers, thus illuminating the cultural context in which
literature is produced and the institutional forces that affect its
production.
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