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Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals
or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of
contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground
storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of
contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel
dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of
industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved
are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other
heavy metals. The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with
the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical usage.
The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health
risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of
water supplies. It is in North America and Western Europe that the
extent of contaminated land is most well known, with many countries
in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with
this environmental problem; this however may well be just the tip
of the iceberg with developing countries very likely to be the next
generation of new soil contamination cases. This book gathers the
latest research from around the globe in this field.
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