This is a survey of the careers of the twenty-two Afro-Americans who served in Congress during and immediately after reconstruction and an evaluation of their achievements. Smith has drawn a vivid account of the lives and influence of these black leaders. The campaigns and elections of these congressmen are individually detailed, and their stories previous to and following their terms in Congress are briefly sketched. Originally published in 1940. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.