This volume of Research on Economic Inequality contains research on how we measure poverty, inequality and welfare and how these measurements contribute towards policies for social mobility. The volume contains eleven papers, some of which focus on the uneven impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on poverty and welfare. Opening with debates on theoretical issues that lie at the forefront of the measurement of inequality and poverty literature, the first two chapters go on to propose new methods for measuring wellbeing and inequality in multidimensional categorical environments, and for measuring pro-poor growth in a Bayesian setting. The following three papers present theoretical innovations for measuring poverty and inequality, namely, in estimating the dynamic probability of being poor using a Bayesian approach, and when presented with ordinal variables. The next three chapters are contributions on empirical methods in the measurement of poverty, inclusive economic growth and mobility, with a focus on India, Israel and a unique longitudinal dataset for Chile. The volume concludes with three chapters exploring the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic as an economic shock on income and wealth poverty in EU countries and in an Argentinian city slum.

Clustering is an important unsupervised classification technique where data points are grouped such that points that are similar in some sense belong to the same cluster. Cluster analysis is a complex problem as a variety of similarity and dissimilarity measures exist in the literature. This is the first book focused on clustering with a particular emphasis on symmetry-based measures of similarity and metaheuristic approaches. The aim is to find a suitable grouping of the input data set so that some criteria are optimized, and using this the authors frame the clustering problem as an optimization one where the objectives to be optimized may represent different characteristics such as compactness, symmetrical compactness, separation between clusters, or connectivity within a cluster. They explain the techniques in detail and outline many detailed applications in data mining, remote sensing and brain imaging, gene expression data analysis, and face detection. The book will be useful to graduate students and researchers in computer science, electrical engineering, system science, and information technology, both as a text and as a reference book. It will also be useful to researchers and practitioners in industry working on pattern recognition, data mining, soft computing, metaheuristics, bioinformatics, remote sensing, and brain imaging.

This volume contains research on how we measure poverty, inequality and welfare and how we use such measurements to devise policies to deliver social mobility. It contains ten papers, some of which were presented at the third meeting of The Theory and Empirics of Poverty, Inequality and Mobility at Queen Mary University of London, London, October 2016. The volume begins with theoretical issues at the frontier of the literature. Three papers discuss the impact of social welfare policies on poverty measurement, and with innovations on the measurement of relative bipolarisation. Two papers address the conceptualisation of multidimensional poverty by incorporating inequality within the poor, and that of chronic poverty for time dependent analyses, with applications to India and Haiti, and Ethiopia respectively. The second half of the volume consists of empirical contributions, using novel techniques and datasets to investigate the dynamics of poverty and welfare. These studies track the dynamics of poverty using unique datasets for China, the Caucasus and Italy. The volume concludes with investigations about within-household inequalities between siblings due to the unequal effects of conditional cash transfers in Cambodia and a cross-country study on the effect of historical income inequality on entrepreneurship in developing countries.

Research on Economic Inequality is a well-established publication of quality research. This 30th volume features insightful and original papers from the 9th Society for the Study of Economic Inequality (ECINEQ) meeting. Mobility and Inequality Trends begins by illustrating the trajectory of income inequality in the world over the course of recent decades before the second paper makes a crucial distinction between 'bad' inequality, which is detrimental to society, and 'good' inequality, which is beneficial. Focus then shifts to bad inequality, one paper covering the relationship between intergenerational elasticity and inequality of opportunity, and the second studying the relationship between intergenerational mobility and life satisfaction in Spain. The volume then progresses to defend the use of intermediate views of inequality when constructing indicators of social welfare obtained through the use of average income and the Gini coefficient before investigating the advantage of using a multifaceted approach to income mobility measurement. To conclude Mobility and Inequality Trends presents an intensive exploration of income inequality in China and then studies the effects of the policy measure "Minimum Living Income. Finally, the last paper studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic stimulus policies.

This book provides a unified framework that describes how genetic learning can be used to design pattern recognition and learning systems. It examines how a search technique, the genetic algorithm, can be used for pattern classification mainly through approximating decision boundaries. Coverage also demonstrates the effectiveness of the genetic classifiers vis-a-vis several widely used classifiers, including neural networks. "

Solving pattern recognition problems involves an enormous amount of computational effort. By applying genetic algorithms - a computational method based on the way chromosomes in DNA recombine - these problems are more efficiently and more accurately solved. Genetic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition covers a broad range of applications in science and technology, describing the integration of genetic algorithms in pattern recognition and machine learning problems to build intelligent recognition systems. The articles, written by leading experts from around the world, accomplish several objectives: they provide insight into the theory of genetic algorithms; they develop pattern recognition theory in light of genetic algorithms; and they illustrate applications in artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. The cross-sectional view of current research presented in Genetic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition makes it a unique text, ideal for graduate students and researchers.

Solving pattern recognition problems involves an enormous amount of computational effort. By applying genetic algorithms - a computational method based on the way chromosomes in DNA recombine - these problems are more efficiently and more accurately solved. Genetic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition covers a broad range of applications in science and technology, describing the integration of genetic algorithms in pattern recognition and machine learning problems to build intelligent recognition systems. The articles, written by leading experts from around the world, accomplish several objectives: they provide insight into the theory of genetic algorithms; they develop pattern recognition theory in light of genetic algorithms; and they illustrate applications in artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. The cross-sectional view of current research presented in Genetic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition makes it a unique text, ideal for graduate students and researchers.

This is the first book primarily dedicated to clustering using multiobjective genetic algorithms with extensive real-life applications in data mining and bioinformatics. The authors first offer detailed introductions to the relevant techniques - genetic algorithms, multiobjective optimization, soft computing, data mining and bioinformatics. They then demonstrate systematic applications of these techniques to real-world problems in the areas of data mining, bioinformatics and geoscience. The authors offer detailed theoretical and statistical notes, guides to future research, and chapter summaries. The book can be used as a textbook and as a reference book by graduate students and academic and industrial researchers in the areas of soft computing, data mining, bioinformatics and geoscience.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Contemporary Computing, IC3 2010, held in Noida, India, in August 2011. The 58 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 175 submissions.

This book provides a unified framework that describes how genetic learning can be used to design pattern recognition and learning systems. It examines how a search technique, the genetic algorithm, can be used for pattern classification mainly through approximating decision boundaries. Coverage also demonstrates the effectiveness of the genetic classifiers vis-a-vis several widely used classifiers, including neural networks. "

Clustering is an important unsupervised classification technique where data points are grouped such that points that are similar in some sense belong to the same cluster. Cluster analysis is a complex problem as a variety of similarity and dissimilarity measures exist in the literature. This is the first book focused on clustering with a particular emphasis on symmetry-based measures of similarity and metaheuristic approaches. The aim is to find a suitable grouping of the input data set so that some criteria are optimized, and using this the authors frame the clustering problem as an optimization one where the objectives to be optimized may represent different characteristics such as compactness, symmetrical compactness, separation between clusters, or connectivity within a cluster. They explain the techniques in detail and outline many detailed applications in data mining, remote sensing and brain imaging, gene expression data analysis, and face detection. The book will be useful to graduate students and researchers in computer science, electrical engineering, system science, and information technology, both as a text and as a reference book. It will also be useful to researchers and practitioners in industry working on pattern recognition, data mining, soft computing, metaheuristics, bioinformatics, remote sensing, and brain imaging.

This Edited Volume contains a selection of refereed and revised papers originally presented at the second International Symposium on Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems (SIRS-2015), December 16-19, 2015, Trivandrum, India. The program committee received 175 submissions. Each paper was peer reviewed by at least three or more independent referees of the program committee and the 59 papers were finally selected. The papers offer stimulating insights into biometrics, digital watermarking, recognition systems, image and video processing, signal and speech processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and knowledge-based systems. The book is directed to the researchers and scientists engaged in various field of signal processing and related areas.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, PReMI 2015, held in Warsaw, Poland, in June/July 2015. The total of 53 full papers and 1 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: foundations of machine learning; image processing; image retrieval; image tracking; pattern recognition; data mining techniques for large scale data; fuzzy computing; rough sets; bioinformatics; and applications of artificial intelligence.