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After a century during which Confucianism was viewed by academics
as a relic of the imperial past or, at best, a philosophical
resource, its striking comeback in Chinese society today raises a
number of questions about the role that this ancient
tradition-re-appropriated, reinvented, and sometimes
instrumentalized-might play in a contemporary context. The Sage and
the People, originally published in French, is the first
comprehensive enquiry into the "Confucian revival" that began in
China during the 2000s. It explores its various dimensions in
fields as diverse as education, self-cultivation, religion, ritual,
and politics. Resulting from a research project that the two
authors launched together in 2004, the book is based on the
extensive anthropological fieldwork they carried out in various
parts of China over the next eight years. Sebastien Billioud and
Joel Thoraval suspected, despite the prevailing academic consensus,
that fragments of the Confucian tradition would sooner or later be
re-appropriated within Chinese society and they decided to their
hypothesis. The reality greatly exceeded their initial
expectations, as the later years of their project saw the rapid
development of what is now called the "Confucian revival" or
"Confucian renaissance". Using a cross-disciplinary approach that
links the fields of sociology, anthropology, and history, this book
unveils the complexity of the "Confucian Revival" and the relations
between the different actors involved, in addition to shedding
light on likely future developments.
After a century during which Confucianism was viewed by academics
as a relic of the imperial past or, at best, a philosophical
resource, its striking comeback in Chinese society today raises a
number of questions about the role that this ancient
tradition-re-appropriated, reinvented, and sometimes
instrumentalized-might play in a contemporary context. The Sage and
the People, originally published in French, is the first
comprehensive enquiry into the "Confucian revival" that began in
China during the 2000s. It explores its various dimensions in
fields as diverse as education, self-cultivation, religion, ritual,
and politics. Resulting from a research project that the two
authors launched together in 2004, the book is based on the
extensive anthropological fieldwork they carried out in various
parts of China over the next eight years. Sebastien Billioud and
Joel Thoraval suspected, despite the prevailing academic consensus,
that fragments of the Confucian tradition would sooner or later be
re-appropriated within Chinese society and they decided to their
hypothesis. The reality greatly exceeded their initial
expectations, as the later years of their project saw the rapid
development of what is now called the "Confucian revival" or
"Confucian renaissance". Using a cross-disciplinary approach that
links the fields of sociology, anthropology, and history, this book
unveils the complexity of the "Confucian Revival" and the relations
between the different actors involved, in addition to shedding
light on likely future developments.
A syncretistic and millenarian religious movement, the Yiguandao
(Way of Pervading Unity) was one of the major redemptive societies
of Republican China. It developed extremely rapidly in the 1930s
and the 1940s, attracting millions of members. Severely repressed
after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, it
managed to endure and redeploy elsewhere, especially in Taiwan.
Today, it has become one of the largest and most influential
religious movements in Asia and at the same time one of the least
known and understood. From its powerful base in Taiwan, it has
expanded worldwide, including in mainland China where it remains
officially forbidden. Based on ethnographic work carried out over
nearly a decade, Reclaiming the Wilderness offers an in-depth study
of a Yiguandao community in Hong Kong that serves as a node of
circulation between Taiwan, Macao, China and elsewhere. Sebastien
Billioud explores the factors contributing to the expansionary
dynamics of the group: the way adepts live and confirm their faith;
the importance of charismatic leadership; the role of Confucianism,
which makes it possible to defuse tensions with Chinese authorities
and sometimes even to cooperate with them; and, finally, the
well-structured expansionary strategies of the Yiguandao and its
quasi-diplomatic efforts to navigate the troubled waters of
cross-straits politics.
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