This book introduces the concept of Water Diplomacy as a principled and pragmatic approach to problem-driven interdisciplinary collaboration, which has been developed as a response to pressing contemporary water challenges arising from the coupling of natural and human systems. The findings of the book are the result of a decade-long interdisciplinary experiment in conceiving, developing, and implementing an interdisciplinary graduate program on Water Diplomacy at Tufts University, USA. This has led to the development of the Water Diplomacy Framework, a shared framework for understanding, diagnosing, and communicating about complex water issues across disciplinary boundaries. This framework clarifies important distinctions between water systems - simple, complicated, or complex - and the attributes that these distinctions imply for how these problems can be addressed. In this book, the focus is on complex water issues and how they require a problem-driven rather than a theory-driven approach to interdisciplinary collaboration. Moreover, it is argued that conception of interdisciplinarity needs to go beyond collaboration among experts, because complex water problems demand inclusive stakeholder engagement, such as in fact-value deliberation, joint fact finding, collective decision making, and adaptive management. Water professionals working in such environments need to operate with both principles and pragmatism in order to achieve actionable, sustainable, and equitable outcomes. This book explores these ideas in more detail and demonstrates their efficacy through a diverse range of case studies. Reflections on the program are also included, from conceptualization through implementation and evaluation. This book offers critical lessons and case studies for researchers and practitioners working on complex water issues as well as important lessons for those looking to initiate, implement, or evaluate interdisciplinary programs to address other complex problems in any setting.

This book introduces the concept of Water Diplomacy as a principled and pragmatic approach to problem-driven interdisciplinary collaboration, which has been developed as a response to pressing contemporary water challenges arising from the coupling of natural and human systems. The findings of the book are the result of a decade-long interdisciplinary experiment in conceiving, developing, and implementing an interdisciplinary graduate program on Water Diplomacy at Tufts University, USA. This has led to the development of the Water Diplomacy Framework, a shared framework for understanding, diagnosing, and communicating about complex water issues across disciplinary boundaries. This framework clarifies important distinctions between water systems - simple, complicated, or complex - and the attributes that these distinctions imply for how these problems can be addressed. In this book, the focus is on complex water issues and how they require a problem-driven rather than a theory-driven approach to interdisciplinary collaboration. Moreover, it is argued that conception of interdisciplinarity needs to go beyond collaboration among experts, because complex water problems demand inclusive stakeholder engagement, such as in fact-value deliberation, joint fact finding, collective decision making, and adaptive management. Water professionals working in such environments need to operate with both principles and pragmatism in order to achieve actionable, sustainable, and equitable outcomes. This book explores these ideas in more detail and demonstrates their efficacy through a diverse range of case studies. Reflections on the program are also included, from conceptualization through implementation and evaluation. This book offers critical lessons and case studies for researchers and practitioners working on complex water issues as well as important lessons for those looking to initiate, implement, or evaluate interdisciplinary programs to address other complex problems in any setting.

The theory and applications of random dynamical systems (RDS) are at the cutting edge of research in mathematics and economics, particularly in modeling the long-run evolution of economic systems subject to exogenous random shocks. Despite this interest, there are no books available that solely focus on RDS in finance and economics. Exploring this emerging area, Random Dynamical Systems in Finance shows how to model RDS in financial applications. Through numerous examples, the book explains how the theory of RDS can describe the asymptotic and qualitative behavior of systems of random and stochastic differential/difference equations in terms of stability, invariant manifolds, and attractors. The authors present many models of RDS and develop techniques for implementing RDS as approximations to financial models and option pricing formulas. For example, they approximate geometric Markov renewal processes in ergodic, merged, double-averaged, diffusion, normal deviation, and Poisson cases and apply the obtained results to option pricing formulas. With references at the end of each chapter, this book provides a variety of RDS for approximating financial models, presents numerous option pricing formulas for these models, and studies the stability and optimal control of RDS. The book is useful for researchers, academics, and graduate students in RDS and mathematical finance as well as practitioners working in the financial industry.

The theory and applications of random dynamical systems (RDS) are at the cutting edge of research in mathematics and economics, particularly in modeling the long-run evolution of economic systems subject to exogenous random shocks. Despite this interest, there are no books available that solely focus on RDS in finance and economics. Exploring this emerging area, Random Dynamical Systems in Finance shows how to model RDS in financial applications.

Through numerous examples, the book explains how the theory of RDS can describe the asymptotic and qualitative behavior of systems of random and stochastic differential/difference equations in terms of stability, invariant manifolds, and attractors. The authors present many models of RDS and develop techniques for implementing RDS as approximations to financial models and option pricing formulas. For example, they approximate geometric Markov renewal processes in ergodic, merged, double-averaged, diffusion, normal deviation, and Poisson cases and apply the obtained results to option pricing formulas.

With references at the end of each chapter, this book provides a variety of RDS for approximating financial models, presents numerous option pricing formulas for these models, and studies the stability and optimal control of RDS. The book is useful for researchers, academics, and graduate students in RDS and mathematical finance as well as practitioners working in the financial industry.

Water is the resource that will determine the wealth, welfare, and stability of many countries in the twenty-first century. This book offers a new approach to managing water that will overcome the conflicts that emerge when the interactions among natural, societal, and political forces are overlooked. At the heart of these conflicts are complex water networks. In managing them, science alone is insufficient and so is policy-making that doesn't take science into account. Solutions will only emerge if a negotiated or diplomatic approach that blends science, policy, and politics is used to manage water networks. The authors show how open and constantly changing water networks can be managed successfully using collaborative adaptive techniques to build informed agreements among disciplinary experts, water users with conflicting interests, and governmental bodies with countervailing claims. Shafiqul Islam is an engineer with over twenty-five years of practical experience in addressing water issues. Lawrence Susskind is founder of MIT's Environmental Policy and Planning Program and a leader of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School. Together they have developed a text that is relevant for students and experienced professionals working in a variety of engineering, science, and applied social science fields. They show how new thinking about water conflict can replace the zero-sum battles that pit experts, politicians, and stakeholders against each other in counter-productive ways. Their volume not only presents the key elements of a theory of water diplomacy; it includes excerpts and commentary from more than two dozen seminal readings as well as practice exercises that challenge readers to apply what they have learned.

Water is the resource that will determine the wealth, welfare, and stability of many countries in the twenty-first century. This book offers a new approach to managing water that will overcome the conflicts that emerge when the interactions among natural, societal, and political forces are overlooked. At the heart of these conflicts are complex water networks. In managing them, science alone is insufficient and so is policy-making that doesn't take science into account. Solutions will only emerge if a negotiated or diplomatic approach that blends science, policy, and politics is used to manage water networks. The authors show how open and constantly changing water networks can be managed successfully using collaborative adaptive techniques to build informed agreements among disciplinary experts, water users with conflicting interests, and governmental bodies with countervailing claims. Shafiqul Islam is an engineer with over twenty-five years of practical experience in addressing water issues. Lawrence Susskind is founder of MIT's Environmental Policy and Planning Program and a leader of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School. Together they have developed a text that is relevant for students and experienced professionals working in a variety of engineering, science, and applied social science fields. They show how new thinking about water conflict can replace the zero-sum battles that pit experts, politicians, and stakeholders against each other in counter-productive ways. Their volume not only presents the key elements of a theory of water diplomacy; it includes excerpts and commentary from more than two dozen seminal readings as well as practice exercises that challenge readers to apply what they have learned.

This book represents the background of the Barind Tract of Bangladesh with the proximity of drought information, conceptual and logic of the books, history, definition and perception on drought and climate scenario and how people understand underlying causes, impacts and consequences of drought in agriculture, environment, human health and society. It also states the trend and severity of drought of Barind Tract. This book gives the local response to cope, mitigation and adaptation to agricultural drought. The book also addresses the gender response in the hardship of drought in the rural areas. It also elicits the local and indigenous methods of drought prediction and sustainable cultivation and management of drought in agriculture.

This book will give you clear idea on innovative project on contractual dairy farming and effective livelihood approaches for poverty alleviation of the remote rural poor communities. Contractual dairy farming can be the solution of poverty and the sources of daily bread for the helpless poor in the northwest region of Bangladesh. The book will reflect the status of livelihoods indicating economic impact, social and to some extent of environment. The system of contractual dairy farming enhance the capabilities of managing small scale farming in effective manner. This also helpful in creating self employment with potential linkage through forward and backward linkage. Green fodder can increase milk production, health of the cattle population. The book will also emphasize on breed selection, improved management practices and intensive management of improved breeds and feeds for the population. The value chain of milk may increase income almost two times for the contract growers. The reimbursement process looks like very innovative avoiding any monetary transaction. Repayment has been done through selling of milk and cow dung in regular basis.

This book gives you clear idea on organic farming & practices and how to manage crops naturally particularly in the green perspective. Organic Farming may be the way to sustainable development through the recognition of indigenous knowledge by using nature friendly inputs.The farming practices give you idea on how to start organic farming. This approach also involve family labor in all stages of the farming activities. Organic Farming is not only concern about the avoidance of chemicals also include array of options including holistic management including production, soil fertility management with emphasis on pest management through bio-intensive practices. The book explore common and innovative practices for farming and management including land selection, risk management followed by the organic growers. This books also gives you idea how people use bio pesticides for insect and disease pest management by using nature friendly locally available resources. This book provides clear picture on organic Farming and greening the field.

This book gives you clear idea on bio-intensive practices and how to manage homestead nursery for entrepreneurship development particularly in the rural perspective. Nursery can be the small scale enterprise for securing regular income by involving family labor in all stages of the activities. Homestead nursery is not only concern with tree husbandry also include array of options including vegetable production, soil fertility management with emphasis on pest management through bio-intensive practices. The chapters show the socio-economic status of rural people and common and innovative practices for nursery management including nursery site selection, mother tree selection criteria followed by the nursery owner. This books also gives you idea how people use bio pesticides for insect and disease pest management by using nature friendly locally available resources. This book provides clear picture on planting mixing pattern or planting niches in the homestead or very adjacent to homesteads.

An field experiment was carried out under the Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of July 2009 to December 2009 to find out the fungicidal management of sheath blight of rice. Three fungicides viz. Bavistin 50 WP, Tilt 250 EC and Folicour EW 250 were sprayed against R. solani causing sheath blight on three aman rice varieties viz. Hybrid Hera, BRRI Dhan-49 and BR-11.Control plot was sprayed with plain water. The experiments were laid out in two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. From the present findings it may be concluded that Folicour EW 250 was a promising fungicide for lowering sheath blight incidence and BR-11 was the best variety among the three rice varieties in aspect of yield.

We investigated the knowledge and perception about HIV/AIDS among the University students of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. A total number of 162 respondents participated in the study. Data were collected prospectively from different public and private Universities of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The study showed that every respondent heard about HIV/AIDS and their main source of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was from media (72%). Among the respondents, 64% regularly donated blood and few of them (38%) were careful during blood donation. 95% of the respondents (who were drug abusers) did not share injections or needles for taking drugs of abuse. 97% of the respondents did not exchanged sex for drugs or money; however, 25% had physical relation with their sex partners and among them, only 24% used condoms while 57% knew about the use of condom. Only 27% of the respondents knew about HIV test centers. 90% thought that HIV/AIDS education will increase awareness about HIV/AIDS. 35% of the respondents were familiar with condom vendor machines and 28% of the respondents did not support for condom vendor machines to be installed in public places in Bangladesh.

Scientific research reveals that a 15-ppm regulatory limit of oil discharge from shipboard operations has a long-term harmful effect on the marine environment, its biodiversity and eco-system. Yet, operational discharges from machinery spaces remain the largest oil polluting source of the oceans from shipping activities. However, use of technologies can reduce the oil content of the operational discharges from machinery spaces much below the regulatory limit and even almost to zero-ppm. Hence, eliminates the harmful effects of operational discharges into the marine environment. This book provides an ample opportunity for the ship owners, operators and the regulators around the world to act now to meet the future requirements in conserving the marine environment. The separator, filter and other related equipment producing industries will also be immensely benefited if proactive actions taken immediately. The marine scientists, researchers and the environmentalists having interest in protecting and preserving the marine biodiversity and its eco-system, the food chain and the ocean- the Mother Nature in general, will also find this book interesting and enlightening.