This book provides comprehensive discussions on current oil issues from authors across the globe, including petroleum oil, biodiesel, and biomass derived bio-oil. Readers will find themes including new green materials for petroleum spill cleanup; state-of-the-art studies on wax precipitation problems during petroleum transportation; vegetable oils in the biodiesel industry; biodiesel production from inedible oils; the production, application, and economy of bio-oil from biomass-based feed stocks; advanced bio-oil production techniques; opportunities for biomass-derived "bio-oil", and related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts. Bridging the gap between research and practical applications, this book is written for engineering professionals in the petroleum and biofuels industry, academic researchers working in bioenergy, bioprocessing technology and chemical engineering, as well as anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme.