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A history of Southern Sudan, from pre-colonial times to the
present. Many societies worldwide possess oral histories and long
memories, reaching back many centuries, particularly of wars and
events of great trauma. Labeling them "blood memories" in this
book, Stephanie Beswick presents a pre-colonial history of Southern
Sudan, a region that, according to some, "has no history."
Beginning in the fourteenth century, the book follows the region's
largest ethnic group today, the Dinka, from their original
homelands in the central Sudanese Gezira between the Blue and White
Niles, into their more recently adopted homelands in Southern
Sudan. Beswick demonstrates how early pre-colonial stresses play a
critical role in modern-day South Sudan, in what has since become
the world's longest civil war, fought externally against the
fundamentalist Islamic Northern Sudanese government as well as
internally within the South itself. Stephanie Beswick is professor
of history at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. She was
born in Khartoum, Sudan.
Originating from the 2008 27th annual conference of the Sudan
Studies Association (SSA) of the same title, these essays document
and analyze Sudan's chronic history of conflict since independence
in 1956 as well as its own and international efforts to bring an
end to these conflicts. As the country moves toward what some see
as the inevitable separation of South Sudan in 2011 honoring the
principle of self-determination long fought for by southerners, the
lessons of six decades of a history of war and peace agreements is
both telling and compelling. This analysis is offered by the real
experts on Sudan rather than the usual story offered by journalists
and pundits. In addition to an Introduction by the editors, all
founders or current or past presidents of the SSA, the essays by
Sudanese and non-Sudanese explore the often bitter history of
North-South relations and loss of life leading to the consideration
of a range of options from a continuation of national unity under
revised terms, to federation or redivision, to full separation of
the South and the constitution of a new African state. The role of
the Khartoum government's pursuit of policies of Islamization and
Islamism for a quarter of a century across multiple regimes is also
treated. The central question of constructing a sustainable peace,
irrespective of the outcome in 2011, is detailed along with the
essential consideration of women and gender perspectives to sustain
any peace negotiated. This book is must reading in advance of, or
in response to, the crucial events as they unfold in Sudan in 2011
and beyond.
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