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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the Nanjing
Massacre, together with an in-depth analysis of various aspects of
the event and related issues. Drawing on original source materials
collected from various national archives, national libraries,
church historical society archives, and university libraries in
China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States, it
represents the first English-language academic attempt to analyze
the Nanjing Massacre in such detail and scope. The book examines
massacres and other killings, in addition to other war crimes, such
as rape, looting, and burning. These atrocities are then explored
further via a historical analysis of Chinese survivors' testimony,
Japanese soldiers' diaries, Westerners' eyewitness accounts, the
news coverage from American and British correspondents, and
American, British and German diplomatic dispatches. Further, the
book explores issues such as the role and function of the
International Committee for Nanking Safety Zone, burial records of
massacre victims, post-war military tribunals, controversies over
the Nanjing Massacre, and the 100-Man Killing Contest. This book is
intended for all researchers, scholars, graduate and undergraduate
students, and members of the general public who are interested in
Second World War issues, Sino-Japanese conflicts, Sino-Japan
relations, war crimes, atrocity and holocaust studies, military
tribunals for war crimes, Japanese atrocities in China, and the
Nanjing Massacre.
This book presents a collection of annotated English translations
of German diplomatic documents-including telegrams, dispatches and
reports-sent to the Foreign Office in Berlin and the German
Ambassador in Hankou, China, by German diplomatic officials in
Nanjing, and detailing Japanese atrocities and the conditions in
and around Nanjing during the early months of 1938. The author
visited the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv) and the German
Foreign Ministry Archives (Auswartiges Amt Archiv) in Berlin, where
these documents are currently archived, in 2008, 2016, and 2017 to
locate and retrieve them. These diplomatic documents are of
significant value in that they provide both detailed information
and wide coverage, from different locations and on various topics.
Further, the information offered is unique in a number of ways.
First, the events were recorded from the perspective of Germans,
citizens of a country that was a close ally of Japan, and second,
these documents are not included in any other source. As such,
these archival primary sources represent an invaluable addition to
the research literature on the Nanjing Massacre and will
undoubtedly benefit researchers and scholars for generations to
come.
On December 13, 1937, Japanese troops captured China s former
capital, Nanjing. The events that followed became known as the Rape
of Nanking, or the Nanjing Massacre, which, with its magnitude and
brutality, shocked the civilized world. Mass executions, rampant
raping, wholesale looting, and widespread burning went on for
weeks. After the worst of the atrocities was over, three American
diplomats were allowed to return to the fallen city on January 6,
1938. Three days later, British Consul Humphrey Ingelram
Prideaux-Brune, Military Attache William Alexander Lovat-Fraser,
and Air Attache J. S. Walser, along with German diplomats, arrived
in Nanjing on the HMS Cricket to reopen the British Embassy. The
British diplomats continuously sent out dispatches reporting local
conditions before and after their arrival. These documents form a
consistent and reliable record of the massacre, its aftermath, and
the general social conditions in the months that followed. This
book contains a collection of British diplomatic documents, Royal
Navy reports of proceedings, and U.S. naval intelligence reports. A
Dark Page in History is extremely valuable as these newly unearthed
documents undoubtedly enhance our knowledge and understanding of
the scope and depth of the tragedy in Nanjing."
Immediately after capturing the Chinese capital, Nanjing, on
December 13, 1937, Japanese soldiers committed atrocities such as
mass executions, rampant rapes, arson, and looting in and around
the city. The carnage went on for weeks. On January 6, 1938, after
the worst of the massacre atrocities was over, three American
diplomats arrived in Nanjing. Upon their arrival, Third Secretary
John Moore Allison, Vice Consul James Espy, and Code Clerk
Archibald Alexander McFardyen, Jr. cabled dispatches about the
atrocities and other conditions in the city to the Department of
State and other U.S. diplomatic posts in China. Often, they
dispatched several reports within a day. These atrocity reports,
which were largely based on interviews with American missionaries
and their own investigations, gave detailed descriptions of
Japanese atrocities, property damage, social conditions, relief
efforts, diplomatic wrestling, and many other aspects of life in
the city during and after the massacre period. The value of these
diplomatic dispatches and reports, which were retrieved from the
national archives, rests on that they extensively document the
American diplomats' role, their observations and attitude toward
the situation there, their efforts to help the Chinese and protect
the Americans, and their struggles with the Japanese.
Immediately after capturing the Chinese capital, Nanjing, on
December 13, 1937, Japanese soldiers committed atrocities such as
mass executions, rampant rapes, arson, and looting in and around
the city. The carnage went on for weeks. On January 6, 1938, after
the worst of the massacre atrocities was over, three American
diplomats arrived in Nanjing. Upon their arrival, Third Secretary
John Moore Allison, Vice Consul James Espy, and Code Clerk
Archibald Alexander McFardyen, Jr. cabled dispatches about the
atrocities and other conditions in the city to the Department of
State and other U.S. diplomatic posts in China. Often, they
dispatched several reports within a day. These atrocity reports,
which were largely based on interviews with American missionaries
and their own investigations, gave detailed descriptions of
Japanese atrocities, property damage, social conditions, relief
efforts, diplomatic wrestling, and many other aspects of life in
the city during and after the massacre period. The value of these
diplomatic dispatches and reports, which were retrieved from the
national archives, rests on that they extensively document the
American diplomats' role, their observations and attitude toward
the situation there, their efforts to help the Chinese and protect
the Americans, and their struggles with the Japanese.
This book presents a collection of annotated English translations
of German diplomatic documents—including telegrams, dispatches
and reports—sent to the Foreign Office in Berlin and the
German Ambassador in Hankou, China, by German diplomatic
officials in Nanjing, and detailing Japanese atrocities and
the conditions in and around Nanjing during the early
months of 1938. The author visited the German Federal Archives
(Bundesarchiv) and the German Foreign Ministry Archives
(Auswärtiges Amt Archiv) in Berlin, where these documents are
currently archived, in 2008, 2016, and 2017 to locate and retrieve
them. These diplomatic documents are of significant value in that
they provide both detailed information and wide coverage, from
different locations and on various topics. Further, the information
offered is unique in a number of ways. First, the events were
recorded from the perspective of Germans, citizens of a country
that was a close ally of Japan, and second, these documents are not
included in any other source. As such, these archival primary
sources represent an invaluable addition to the research literature
on the Nanjing Massacre and will undoubtedly benefit researchers
and scholars for generations to come.Â
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the Nanjing
Massacre, together with an in-depth analysis of various aspects of
the event and related issues. Drawing on original source materials
collected from various national archives, national libraries,
church historical society archives, and university libraries in
China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States, it
represents the first English-language academic attempt to analyze
the Nanjing Massacre in such detail and scope. The book examines
massacres and other killings, in addition to other war crimes, such
as rape, looting, and burning. These atrocities are then explored
further via a historical analysis of Chinese survivors' testimony,
Japanese soldiers' diaries, Westerners' eyewitness accounts, the
news coverage from American and British correspondents, and
American, British and German diplomatic dispatches. Further, the
book explores issues such as the role and function of the
International Committee for Nanking Safety Zone, burial records of
massacre victims, post-war military tribunals, controversies over
the Nanjing Massacre, and the 100-Man Killing Contest. This book is
intended for all researchers, scholars, graduate and undergraduate
students, and members of the general public who are interested in
Second World War issues, Sino-Japanese conflicts, Sino-Japan
relations, war crimes, atrocity and holocaust studies, military
tribunals for war crimes, Japanese atrocities in China, and the
Nanjing Massacre.
About three weeks after Japanese troops captured Nanjing when the
worst of the atrocities was over, American diplomats were allowed
to return to the city to re-open their embassy on January 6, 1938.
Three days later, British and German diplomats arrived by HMS
Cricket on January 9. Since their arrival, the diplomats
continuously dispatched cables, reports, and documents reporting
conditions in the city, including Japanese atrocities, reign of
terror, economic situation, living conditions, and other aspects of
social life. These diplomatic records prove to be a treasure trove
of invaluable primary source material for research and study on the
Nanjing Massacre from unique perspectives. A Dark Page in History
is a collection of British diplomatic documents, Royal Navy reports
of proceedings, and US naval intelligence weekly reports. The
collection is invaluable as these newly unearthed primary source
materials undoubtedly enhance our knowledge and understanding of
the scope and depth of the Nanjing Massacre. In addition to updated
and newly added annotations, included in this new edition are six
maps, along with appendices consisting of USS Oahu December 1937
log book and a report by Frank Pruit Lockhart, US Consul-General at
Shanghai, transmitting 13 photos of Japanese atrocities on
September 16, 1938.
On December 13, 1937, Japanese troops captured China's former
capital, Nanjing. The events that followed became known as the Rape
of Nanking, or the Nanjing Massacre, which, with its magnitude and
brutality, shocked the civilized world. Mass executions, rampant
raping, wholesale looting, and widespread burning went on for
weeks. After the worst of the atrocities was over, three American
diplomats were allowed to return to the fallen city on January 6,
1938. Three days later, British Consul Humphrey Ingelram
Prideaux-Brune, Military Attache William Alexander Lovat-Fraser,
and Air Attache J. S. Walser, along with German diplomats, arrived
in Nanjing on the HMS Cricket to reopen the British Embassy. The
British diplomats continuously sent out dispatches reporting local
conditions before and after their arrival. These documents form a
consistent and reliable record of the massacre, its aftermath, and
the general social conditions in the months that followed. This
book contains a collection of British diplomatic documents, Royal
Navy reports of proceedings, and US naval intelligence reports. A
Dark Page in History examines these newly unearthed documents that
enhance our knowledge and understanding of the scope and depth of
the tragedy in Nanjing.
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