The application of mandatory rules in private international law of contracts is a controversial topic of growing international concern. Legislatures are increasingly intervening in private contracts in order to protect the economic interests of state, or the interests of vulnerable groups, such as consumers or employees. This thesis addresses two major contexts in which the application of mandatory rules arises, namely the restriction of party autonomy by the application of certain mandatory rules of a law, other than the chosen law, and the application of internationally mandatory rules of the forum, the proper law and, most controversially, of a third country. Approaches of academic writing, case law, legislature, and treaties in England, Germany and Switzerland are compared and critically analysed. Paying also attention to the legal situation in South Africa, the analysis results to provide guidelines for the application of mandatory rules in private international law of contracts.

Das vorliegende Handbuch bietet einen umfassenden systematischen UEberblick uber das Themenfeld Lokale OEkonomie in Bezug auf Konzepte, Quartierskontexte und Interventionen. In pragnanten Kurzkapiteln diskutieren Wissenschaftler aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen (Humangeographie, Soziologie, Wirtschaftswissenschaften etc.) sowie Akteure aus der Stadtentwicklungspraxis grundlegende Konzepte der lokalen OEkonomie und verwandte Ansatze, Dynamiken und Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Quartieren sowie Gestaltungsoptionen zur Starkung lokal-oekonomischer Strukturen in Deutschland. Das Handbuch richtet sich gleichermassen an Studierende, Wissenschaftler und Praktiker aus der integrierten Stadt- und Quartiersentwicklung.

Climate change will impact ecosystems and production processes. Thus, adaptation to climate change has become a prevalent concept in environmental politics worldwide. In South Korea, climate change is expected to be above the global average. As response, the South Korean government has initiated climate change adaptation in diverse sectors. In this book, the entire process, from formulation and development, implementation and reaction of involved people is examined in a particular sector, agriculture. Theoretically framed as an Actor-Network, this study highlights current developments of South Korean politics, the tensions of urban-periphery development, and the status of agriculture.